Chicken a La Carte Reaction

Reaction on Chicken A La Carte by Ferdinand DimaduraGuide questions:What affected you? Why?What are your realizations?What does it tell you as a student of Biology?What affected me was seeing how the less fortunate were so easily satisfied and happy with just having leftover food. The children could not wait to get their hands on the food brought by one man from their community. Seeing how they happily yet hungrily feasted on the chicken pieces that other people had already consumed made me want to wish I could go to them and be able to give them proper food.Being part of the better-heeled sector of the society, we easily get what we want. We have food on our tables everyday, three times a day. We have proper shelter and proper clothing. Our needs are well provided for, even greater than that of what is necessary yet we take them for granted. The scene wherein the family said grace before partaking of the leftover that their father brought home for them really touched my heart. The t hings that we most often take for granted is seen by others as a blessing. We demand a lot of things but it never crossed our minds that there are those who wish they had what we have.Have we even thanked the Lord for the things, how little it may be that he has given us? I am not sure what the short film should tell me as a Biology student, aside from that I am required to watch it and make a paper about it because it is a requirement in the ETAR class that is part of the curriculum. However, being a student in itself and being a part of a society where the situation showed is held true, part of the realizations it brought to me was that I can do something to make the situation better.I could start by being part of an outreach program that provides food, education, etc. It does not matter whether what I do may be big or small, whether I get recognition for it or not. What is important is that I am able to impart something in their lives and share the blessings that I have. I can on ly hope that my fellow students (and others who were able to watch the film) may also realize what I have realized and may also act upon their realizations. We are a part of a humanity that needs hope and healing and being as simple as a student is not a limitation to achieve it.

Porters Generic Strategy Essay

Introduction It is clear that competing for sustainable and superior performance enhances a firm’s profitability. Equally, this same level of profitability depends largely on the attractiveness of the industry which is easily measured using the Porter’s 5 tools and more importantly, the position the firm takes within the industry to leverage on its strengths. To compete properly, a firm must address two fundamental questions. Should it focus on identifying a microcosm of the industry or serve the entire market? According to Michael C. Porter, the porter’s three (3) generic strategies are very important strategies, which can be applied to products and services in any industry or organization regardless of its size. The Three Porter’s Generic Strategies In order to gain competitive advantage, Michael Porter developed three generic strategies that a company could use; The Cost Leadership Strategy, The Differentiation Strategy and the Focus Strategy. These strategies have been used by various organizations to become more competitive in the market. Below is a representation of these strategies. 1. Cost Leadership Strategy: This strategy is all about minimizing the cost of creating/delivering the firm’s products or services. It means having the lowest average cost of production compared to relative competitors and still not compromise on quality. There are two main ways the strategy can be achieved; a. Increasing profits by reducing costs while charging industry-average prices. b. Increasing its market share by charging lower prices while making profit on each sale through economies of scale While this approach might be attractive because of its obvious advantages like the entry barriers that result when competitors are not able to produce at the same low level of cost or size of the market share the company gains, there is still the risk of losing the advantage when other rival firms begin to cut costs as well by using advancement in technology to enhance their production capacity. The cost leadership strategy is also broad in scope as it sells to different customers in its industry. Firms looking to use this strategy must be able to; i. Access the capital needed to invest in new technology, which will lead to a larger market share in the long run. ii. Provide continued capital investment to maintain its cost advantage through  economies of scale. iii. Develop cheaper ways to produce existing products and. iv. Maintain a tight control of its overhead costs. 2. Differentiation Strategy: This strategy allows companies to produce products and services that offer unique attributes that customers can perceive to be better than what the competition offers. It can be seen as a way for firms to compete by creating a completely new market and dominating it. The extra value the product or services provides to the market allow the firm to charge higher prices (premium) which then compensates the increase in costs used to provide that extra service. The differentiation strategy is achieved by using any combination of the following approaches; a. Different design. b. Different brand image. c. Different product or service features. d. Different and more advanced technology. 3. Focus Strategy: This strategy is a slight variation of the other two generic strategies. However, as the name implies, the focus strategy allows firms to focus on a particular niche market and provide uniquely low costs (cost focus) or uniquely different products (differentiation focus). Since the strategy is targeted to a select part of the market, it creates a strong loyalty for its brand from its customers, which helps to further reduce the threat of rivalry. Porter’s Generic Strategies in Action: Apple Inc. Founded on April 1, 1976 by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne, Apple Inc is a multinational corporation that designs and leads innovation in the consumer electronics, computer software and personal computer’s industry. Apple Inc. traditionally focused on personal computers but later shifted its focus to consumer electronics. It now has a range of high-end products including the Macintosh line of computers, iPod, iPhone, and the iPad. They are also involved in developing innovative operating systems and browser. Its main competitors are Microsoft, Samsung, HP, Blackberry, Acer, Toshiba,  Nokia and Dell. Apple Inc. leads the competition by implementing a Differentiation Strategy. Apple Inc. sets itself apart from its competitors by providing unique features for its products, which the customers really cannot get anywhere else. These unique features include design, functionality, durability and consistency. Also, Apple electronic products are known to be sleek, simple and minimalist. It’s MacBook and iMac products have a reputation for long battery life and completely zero tolerance for viruses, which are known to plague other competitor’s products that run either Windows or Linus operating systems. Another aspect of differentiation that Apple utilizes well is its amazing customer service. Through its Apple Stores worldwide, Apple creates a very interactive forum where customers can come to purchase new devices or fix faulty ones. These unique aspects of its differentiation strategy are what give Apple the right to charge higher prices, thereby commanding a premium for their services. This strategy has proven to work well for the company because its market share has constantly been increasing since it released the iPod in 2005. The following diagram illustrates Apple inc’s strategic position relative to two of its competitors in the mobile industry; Apple inc. implements a number of strategies that makes it different from its competitors. It is more focused on meeting the customer’s needs than anything else, so they didn’t need to compete on price, and could set their own prices, because they were delivering something much more valuable to the consumer. The following are some of Steve Job’s quotes that reflect Apple Inc’s focus on the differentiation strategy; â€Å"If it could save a person’s life, could you find a way to save ten seconds off the boot time?† â€Å"You’ve got to start with the customer experience and work back towards – not the other way around. â€Å"Being the richest man in the cemetery doesn’t matter to me. Going to bed at night, saying we’ve done something wonderful; that’s what matters to me.† One of Apple Inc’s business strategies is to release few but highly anticipated high-end products while others like Samsung focused on releasing a wide variety of products to the market. Apple Inc. allows for long development cycles that grow anticipation and showcased new innovations with each new release under Steve Jobs whose strategy was develop and sell brand new, innovative products which blended art and  technology in order to provide a simple and streamlined user experience. After its initial release of the iPod and iPhone, Apple Inc. continued to innovate in the mobile device market through smartphones and then tablets which began to create a loyal customer base around their brand. Conclusion Since inception, Apple Inc carved its own market by creating unique products that targeted a specific market. The company continuously innovates to produce the best products in the market and strategically rolls them out so that its customers appreciate it even more. The following are its production and marketing emphasis: Production Emphasis: Nobody does it better Marketing Emphasis: Ours is better than theirs Apple Inc. focused on making technology more artistic with design features that catch the eyes of the customer. The efficiency of its products also makes customers want to pay a higher price. The company differentiated itself and its products from the competition and ensured that its loyal customers were always satisfied. References Chris Nosal. â€Å"Apple’s Marketing Strategy – Sell On Value, Not Price.† Web. 25 Mar. 2014. < http://www.chrisnosal.com/apples-marketing-strategy-sell-products-on-value-not-price/> Dan Mcgaw. â€Å"7 Key Strategies That You Must Learn From Apple’s Marketing.† Web. 28 Mar. 2014. < http://blog.kissmetrics.com/7-strategies-apple-marketing/> Fion McCormack. â€Å"Apple’s IPhone Marketing Strategy Exposed.† Yahoo Small Business Advisor. Web. 20 Mar. 2014. Grobart, Sam. â€Å"Apple Chiefs Discuss Strategy, Market Share-and the New IPhones.† Bloomberg Business Week. Web. 23 Mar. 2014. < http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2013-09-19/cook-ive-and-federighi-on-the-new-iphone-and-apples-once-and-future-strategy> Jerry Alison. â€Å"Business Strategy: The Three Generic Strategies.† HubPages. Web. 30 Mar. 2014.

A brief history of Fidel Castro

A brief history of Fidel Castro This paper will discuss a brief history of Fidel Castro, his leadership styles, characteristics, and the determinants that occurred during his rise to prominence. It provides his sources of power, and further examines his effectiveness or non effectiveness as a leader. Research on Fidel Castro and his leadership was conducted through online sources which include three academic. Importance: What relationship could be found between the Fidel Castro, the followers, and the situation? What were his perceived positive and negative qualities? What outstanding traits could be detected within Fidel Castro? About Fidel Castro Fidel Alejandro (Ruz) Castro was born in Biran Cuba on August 13th 1926 to Angel Castro and Lina Ruz in the Eastern Province of Cuba. Fidel was the third child of his siblings by father, Angel Castro. Although he was born out of wedlock, he was privileged to upper-middle class living environments. He was educated in a private boarding school, attended college and later went on to Harvard Law School. At Harvard, he became engrossed in the political climate in Cuba especially as it relates to the nationalism, anti-imperialism and socialism. (Castro’s Biography, 2010) Castro was married to Mirta Diaz Balart. They had one son whose name was Fidelito which meant â€Å"little Fidel†. Her family was wealthy and Fidel Castro capitalized on this opportunity and as a result was exposed to a much wealthier lifestyle and at the same time, was able to network with key political associations. The marriage ended after six years because of a lack of financial support for his family. Mirta was his second wife. (Castro’s Biography, 2010) Castro’s enthusiasm for reform and social justice led him to the Dominican Republic in an attempt to help overthrow Mr. Rafael Trujillo. Although this attempt was not successful, this did not deter him from the fight for social justice. He was part of an anti communist party that was formed with the aim of exposing government corruption, developing strategies to gain economic independence and implement social reform in Cuba. Although his attempts to overthrow the leader at the time, General Fulgencio Bartista failed, he never gave up. He was sentenced to jail for those attempted coups but continued the fight to become Cuba’s leader, in an effort to make the changes he was hoping to fulfill. This long struggle was finally realized on January 1st, 1959 when he assumed the leadership of the government. He appointed his brother, Raul Castro the duties of commander of the armed forces on February 15th 1959. Leader type and history â€Å"Charismatic leaders are exceptionally self-confident, are strongly motivated to attain and assert influence, and have strong conviction in the moral correctness of their beliefs† (House charisma and intellectually simulated that in itself helped Castro achieve the drastic change he sort for Cuba. That is the social and political reform he aimed to achieve as a leader.

International Dispute Resolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5250 words

International Dispute Resolution - Essay Example As the paper declares arbitration whether in domestic or international context, is a private system of adjudication by which parties to the dispute decide to resolve their differences outside any judicial system. Invariably, decision handed out in arbitration is final and binding. and the award can be enforced in a national court. The deciding persons who are called arbitrators act as sole arbitrators or multiple arbitrators usually three chosen by the parties. While each party chooses its own arbitrator, where there are two parties, the two arbitrators chosen by them elect a presiding arbitrator and their majority decision will be binding. The arbitration can be adhoc or administered by an international arbitral institution. If adhoc, there will be no institutional involvement. The rules applicable are that of the institution or those chosen by the parties as the case may be. According to the report findings international commercial arbitration has become the norm for dispute resolution in international contracts. The consent of the parties is the source of power for the arbitrators to decide the dispute. It also limits their power as the arbitrators can decide the dispute only within the scope of the parties’ agreement. The arbitrators must apply rules, procedures and laws preferred by the parties. This will be set out in the clause of the contract as the agreement for arbitration in the event of disputes.

Poor and Minorities in the Criminal Justice System Essay

Poor and Minorities in the Criminal Justice System - Essay Example 190). Observations and importance: For a considerably long time, in the US two different types of criminal justice systems are active. One is for the white and rich people and the other one is for the poor minority people. These were the findings of judges, attorneys, and law professors. They have found that there are inequalities, disparities, and injustices in the treatment of crimes according to races and social, political, and financial power. Different government criminal agencies, courts, and police are highly biased in respect to justice. Sometimes courts take only few minutes to finish the hearing of the case for the minority people, without even considering all the possible aspects and witnesses’ statements. Sometimes the hearing of a poor black person is attended by a white jury, who is naturally supposed to be highly biased against the black community (Cole, 1999, p. 190). All these affect negatively the large number of poor and minority people living in the country . But the most striking feature of the problem is that the law of the US does not allow court and police to be biased against any race and community. This has been rather a social tradition that has been going on and on for a long time. The problem is immensely serious in the sense that these decisions of invoking bias in the criminal justice systems are creating anger and passion for revenge and feelings of social discrimination among the poor and minor people living there. This is also violating the social peace in the country. Evidence shows that a black judge has announced punishment for a white without even completing the hearing, just because the judge has in mind the history of justice system regarding the bias for whites (Banks, 2004, p. 60). It is also shown that for the same crime a black gets more punishment compared to a white. Sometimes the racial discriminations become larger than the financial discriminations. There are also some evidences that reveal that discriminat ions are available in questions like who will be arrested and who will enter into the system, but not in the judgment of terms of sentencing. There are lots of informal sources of discriminations like police and local courts. In the presence of these informal sources it is evident that the African Americans are the most discriminated ethnic society living in the US. The dangerousness or the seriousness of the crime gets more importance for the blacks than for the whites (Bank, 2004, pp. 60-61). Discriminations are also shown in case of the jury selection (Bank, 2004, p. 62) and giving death penalty (Bank, 2004, p. 67). The massacre of 9/11 has created new disparities for the Muslims around the world, especially for the Asian Muslims. Even American people think that there are discriminations against poor and minorities (Greenhouse, 1999). Reasons: There are various reasons for discriminations in criminal justice systems in the US. Most of the reasons are completely social and convent ional and have least or no resemblance with the law or the rules and regulations of the system. For instance, the police may arrest a person completely based on the kind of respect the person shows to the police. A lower respect for the police increases the probability of getting

Understanding the Concepts Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Understanding the Concepts - Assignment Example Understanding the Concepts Quick ratios are the other important ratios for the small business, where the current assets of a business entity, with an exception of the inventories, are compared to the current liabilities to determine how best the business is placed in meeting its current cash payment obligations. Profitability ratios are also vital for a small business, since they help the business determine how much profits it has generated within a specified period of business operation (Bangs, 1992). In so doing, the business understands its performance, ranging from the effectiveness of its operations to how well the business is placed to compete with other businesses of its nature, serving the same market segment. Through the creation of such insights, developed from the analysis of financial ratios, a business makes suitable, tactical and strategic decisions that help it thrive in the market while improving on its operations effectiveness; customer needs satisfaction and profitability (Horcher, 2005). These ratios compares with those applied by large corporations in that, the same ratios are applied by the large corporations for the same reasons, as are for the small businesses. Thus, such ratios are equally important to the managers of large corporations, as they are to the owner managers of small businesses. However, some financial ratios are more appropriate to aid the process of making decisions in large corporations. Such ratios, which are more useful to the managers of large business entities include the debt to asset ratios, which compares the debts that an organization has, to the assets owned by the organization, thus determining how well the organization is placed to meet its debt obligations (Bangs, 1992). Return on asset ratios are the other important ratios for the large corporations. These ratios analyses how the assets of the organization has been generating returns. Such ratios, which are more appropriate for the large corporations, differs from those most suitable for small businesses in that, the financial ratios for larger organizations mostly deals with the assets and the debts owed by the entity, as most of the large organizations owns many assets as well as debt obligations. This is in contrast to the small businesses, which owns fewer assets, and which are mostly financed from the pockets of the owners, making such ratios not very vital for such businesses (Horcher, 2005). Debt financing is mostly applied by business owners who do not have sufficient finances to establish or to finance the operations of their business, yet they prefer to have total control of their business, at the expense of inviting investors into their business, who will take some control. There are various advantages associated with this type of business financing. First, the owner of the business retains the full control of the business, while obtaining the required financing to run the operations of the business (Bangs, 1992). Therefore, the owner of the business reserves the whole privilege of making the business decisions to himself. The other advantage associated with debt financing is the fact that the interest paid by the owner of

Breast cancer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Breast cancer - Essay Example The term metastatic is used when breast malignancy spreads to additional sections of the body (National Cancer Institute, 4). When 15 -20 per cent of the tumors shows a strong presence of the HER2, the condition is referred to as HER2 positive breast cancer. When this cancer is not treated, then extremely poor prognosis which leaves fast time to lapse or progression compared to HER2 negative breast cancer. Breast cancer happens to be the most common and prevalent cancer among women in the entire world (Hoffmann, 2). About 1.5 million cases are reported every year. These are new cases, leaving a chance form other million of cases which go unreported. Men can also be diagnosed with breast cancer although in extremely rare cases. Breast cancer among men accounts for less that 1 per cent in the world. Breast cancer has got many risk factors. The majority cases of breast cancer are reported among women who are above 50 years. The cancer is known to occur is families with a history of the cancer (National Cancer Institute, 4). It is also common in the late cases of the first pregnancy and among kinsfolk with a history of benign breasts ailments and diseases. A long menstrual life, which leads to a prolonged exposure to hormones, is classified as a risk factor to this devastating disease. Furthermore, the use of hormone replacement therapy which occurs often after menopause is viewed as another way of exposing the body the hormones making it vulnerable to breast cancer (Hoffmann, 2). Lifestyle risk factors are viewed as weighty reasons, which when, checked can help control the disease. They include physical inactivity and high alcohol intake. Being obese or overweight after menopause and a high fat diet is classified as lifestyle risk factors. In order to identify these risk factors, there are many epidemiological research and studies. However, having one or several risk factors does not mean that one has the disease. These are cases where the victims of breast cancer fail to show any risk factors (National Cancer Institute, 4). In the early stages of breast cancer, there are no symptoms. However, some of the known symptoms include changes in the nipple. This can lead to unusual secretion of discharge (National Cancer Institute, 4). This can also be accompanied by rashes around the nipple area. Another symptom is the change in shape or size of the breast. The most commonly known symptom is a hard lump that develops in the armpit of breast. This lump occurs on one side of the breast or the armpit (National Cancer Institute, 4). Changes in the skin are also a common symptom. This may lead to redness, dimples and puckering. There are a number of treatments associated with breast cancer (Hoffmann, 2). They include radiotherapy, surgery, hormonal therapies and chemotherapy. The use of these therapies is not standardized. They can be used alone or combined depending on the stage of breast cancer. The surgery includes mastectomy or lumpectomy. This is the best option or treatment among the patients whose cancer has not spread to other body parts. Some of the most vulnerable parts, when the cancer begins to spread included the lungs and chest walls. Radiotherapy is therapy with radiation which is directed to the place of the tumor, and it may be used on top of surgery. The effect of radiotherapy and chemotherapy is to lessen the probability of recurrent cancer. The treatment given after surgery is known as adjuvant therapy. Neo adjuvant therapy is a situation

Health Care Managmeant Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Health Care Managmeant - Personal Statement Example This suggests the need to comprehend that the health care management realms are usually seen with a skeptical eye because there is immense progress that can take place at any given time, provided there are proper funding measures undertaken by the Army as well as other institutions which are running the health care management domains. The nature of this change has to be incremental but at times it is in a one-step process as well. The magnitude of this change is one that overtakes the last incremental changes which were done earlier and which shall replace the old ones in an instant (Savage, 2007). This is required so that the stakeholders can heave a sigh of relief with regards to the building up of proper management realms, which would essentially dictate the way the people receive health care which is a mandatory requirement on their part. The planning stages of change incorporation would mean that the organization is ready to go out of its domains and bring about the significant pointers which shall bear success for the people, the processes and the institutions in entirety. References Savage, G., 2007. A retrospective on access to health care. International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance, 20(6)

Research paper in Internet Activism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Research paper in Internet Activism - Essay Example Thus besides entertainment, such information is critical for education and informative purposes. The use of social networks has particularly had diverse impacts on the populations’ perceptions of relative social themes. The objectivity and reliability of relative information has been in most cases compromised by the subjective nature of the contributions made by various factions of the society. Most importantly, this tendency has had direct impacts on the social ties that the society holds in high regard. Through face-book, you-tube, my space and other social networks, important information has been relayed to populations across the globe. Apart from educators, activists have employed social media to reach various factions of the population and communicate important issues to these. Through these, they have been able to understand and appreciate the views of the global populations about emergent social issues. Perhaps the most critical information pertains to that relating to sensitive issues that affect the populations in different ways. Besides being instrumental in informing the public, these social networks have in most cases undermined the credibility of the information relayed across. It is against this background that this paper provides an explicit review of internet activism in light of the Kohn 2012 video. To address inherent concerns, it greatly relies on secondary research. The internet has become the latest technological tool through which information is passed on to the population within the shortest time possible. According to research, it only requires a single click to publish important information about emergent issues and concerns within the society. It is pervasive as exemplified by Giridharadas who cites the Kenyan Ushahidi initiative stating it has â€Å"been used in India to monitor elections; in Africa to report medicine shortages; in the Middle East to collect reports of wartime violence; and in Washington† (Giridharadas, 3). Through social networks, this is visible to a diverse population who have subscribed to the relative services. Likewise, these are able to present their views on the particular issue within the shortest period possible. It only requires access to internet and knowledge about its use to utilize this facility. The first world countries have taken immense practical steps to ensure that their populations have access to the electronic infrastructure. Although the third world countries such as Kenya and Uganda have not readily succeeded in enhancing the use of internet, use of phones has really been useful. According to Zuckerman â€Å"the most important activist technology of the last five years is the mobile phone â€Å". Specifically, the use of Short Text messaging provision has been important in information dissemination in third world economies. Through this, populations are able to communicate useful insights regarding wide ranging issues to a diverse population base. The lau nch of Kony 2012 video in March, 2012 triggered various arguments and controversies about the credibility of use of social media in activism. Initially, the intention of this online video was to raise awareness about the leader of Lord’s resistance army, Joseph Kony. Towards the end of the video, viewers were requested to help in different was to capture the war lord so that he could face the law. The video spread so fast and within six days, it had been viewed by a significant one

Project - Answer questions based on readings Essay - 1

Project - Answer questions based on readings - Essay Example Leopold’s advocacy instigated an era that allowed for people to transcend introspective personal necessities in favor of environmental consciousness. His call for conscience must initially start from cognizance of man’s acts and how it affects the ecology. 2. In its entirety Rachel Carson writes a very poignant essay which illustrates a perceptible recognition of her predisposition which is noticeably literary. â€Å"All through the night the cries of curlews and plovers and knots, of sandpipers and turnstones and yellowlegs, drifted down from the sky. The mockingbirds who lived on the island listened to the cries. The next day they would have many new notes†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Carson, 1941). This passage stuck to me in a way that it evoked a deep sense of poetic beauty that signifies symbolic representations while at the same time realistically narrating something that is actual and tangible. The connotations of the night proved to be consistent in this passage with the birds howling at night that suggests they are probably in misery over something. The mockingbirds represented the role of a spectator much like the reader who are there only to witness them but without any active part in the process. But as far as symbolisms would go, a new day would present a new beginning and a new hope that was equally appropriate for the birds. 3. There had always been an attribution of enchantment and an implication of beauty toward flowers. This gift of nature in different forms, shapes, sizes and smells evoke a profound feeling that is often romanticized as perpetuated by poets and the like. The reverence given to flowers had always been reinforced by society. Flowers, depending upon the circumstance, may imply love, sympathy, respect or delight. The next quotation signifies a stripped version of man and all of his ingenuities as by-products. But in essence, it is nature that is the

An I.T. System for a Video Rental Store Essay Example for Free

An I.T. System for a Video Rental Store Essay Contents * Choice of Problem * Description of Problem * Investigation and Analysis of Problem * Specification of Solution * Design of Solution * Implementation of Solution: * Resources Required * Data Collection, Capture and Input * Data Verification and Validation * Output Format * Testing of Solution * Documentation of Solution * Evaluation of Solution Choice of Problem I live in large city called London. My Grandfather runs a video shop there under the name Video Rentals LTD. Has a large and varied amount of stock that he finds hard to keep track of. At the moment he employs a card index system but this has its limitations: * Cards often get misfiled meaning that extra time has to be spent refilling and amending lost data. * On average it takes 30 seconds to search for a record, at busy times this is too long. * The shop currently has about 150 customers, which means that to find a record it may take a long time, this will delay the time that it takes to sort through the records and therefore customers may not want to wait that long and may go to another shop. Description of Problem At my grandfathers video shop the current system involves filing all the information in a filing cabinet. This is a manual system as all the data is hand written. I believe that because of this the video shop needs a computerised system, which will make the database better. There will be graphical menu System that will link all the forms and queries together. My database project will allow the shopkeeper to edit, create and delete record details of members, videos and loans. Investigation To find out more about what the database required I phoned my Grandfather. I wanted to know: * The precise objectives of the new system * The problems or weaknesses in the current manual system * The information that needs to be kept on each customer * The required output * The volume of data (e.g. number of existing customers, number of new customers each year/month) * Any hardware or software constraints. My evaluation will be based firstly on whether it works properly, secondly that it is faster in finding a particular video or client than the existing manual system and thirdly that my Grandfather finds it easy to use. Specification of Solution Objectives of the new system * It should take less than thirty seconds to establish whether a customer is already on file. * It should be possible to go directly from the Customer Details form to the entry of a video that that customer has hired, without having to re-enter the customers name, etc. * Data entry should be as fast and as easy as possible, particularly as there are several hundred existing customers and videos to be entered when the system is first installed. * It be able to show who has rented what video and when. * There must be provision for more than one video to be hired at once by the same person. * The new system is required to provide the following information: * A list of all business customers * A list of all customers interested in a certain type of video such as horror, comedy etc. * A list of customers whose numbers of rentals exceeds a given value. * A list of all rentals that are overdue and need chasing. * It should be possible to send a standard letter to selected customers, using criteria mentioned above. * The user must be able to create new letters whenever needed and perform a mail merge to selected customers. * The main menu should be displayed automatically when the database is loaded, and the whole system should be menu driven. Design of Solution A database package will be ideal for implementing the system for my Grandfathers video rental shop. He has requested that it is done in Access 97 so this is the package that must be used. It would probably be possible to implement the system using Visual Basic or another programming language but it would take a lot longer and would involve the owners having to buy more software which is not really necessary, as Access has all the capabilities required. I already have some experience of Access 97 and it is available in my house for development. Using this package it will be possible to: * Set up the necessary tables and relationships * Produce customised input screens, using Visual Basic to automate data entry wherever possible and to perform various validations * Use Visual Basic modules to enable fast searches for a particular customer and past jobs * Design reports as needed * Make and save queries to select certain customers for a mail merge * Implement a customised menu system On starting up the database, I will design it so that you are presented with a main menu that is linked to the client and video databases, which in turn are linked to each other. I will make it so that on each of the forms there are buttons that enable you to scroll between records, delete records and search for records. If you choose to search for a record then you will be prompted to enter the details of the record you want. The database will be menu orientated so I will make a separate options menu that is linked to everything else. The options menu will also contain a help menu that will cover everything that is covered in the user manual. My system will be based on two separate files, one is of the customers and the other is of the videos in stock. Each record in whichever file will only contain one video or customer, and contain fields like name, address, video name, and certificate. The implementation will begin with the design of the database, then data capture forms, entry screens and output screens. Before the database is put in to use I will test the system using a range of valid and invalid data to make sure the system works as it should. I will then create a user manual that will support the system and its functions. Implementation of Solution Resouces Required I have chosen to design and make my database in Access version 97 because this is the program that the final product will be used on. It allows me to create customized data input screens and has a wide range of validation checks available, so unless a good reason transpires for using an alternative program or package, Access will be the first choice of software. In order to run Access 97 and be able to perform a mail merge using Word, a minimum of a Pentium 133 system with 16Mb, wil be required. A faster processor may be needed if the system is going to appear slow in switching between screens and searching for records. When the system is up and running it will take up about 5Mb. The user has a Pentium 300 with 16Mb, which will be perfectly suitable, and similar machines are available for development work in my house at school. My Grandfather is familiar with Word and has good keyboard skills, so should have no problem in entering the data but may need help in doing some of the more complicated functions. In the future he would like to improve his knowledge of Access so that he can perform new queries and reports as the need arises. Data Collection, Capture and Input Three data input forms are needed: 1. Customer Details This form will be used for several purposes so it needs to be able to: * Add a new customer * Look through the current clients and see what videos they have hired. Validations will be performed automatically. The Member ID field will be an integer and letter field so that it is more personalised. Wherever possible default values will be inserted automatically (e.g. most customers are from Ludlow so the relevant fields will default to those values). Tab order will also be used to speed data entry, so each field will have a certain order in which the data is entered. The form will be straightforward and follow in a top-to-bottom order. 2. Video Details This needs basically to be the same kind of layout and make up as the customer details form except that the fields are those to do with the video. I shall use a validation rule for things such as the videos certificate which can only be one of five (18,15,12,PG,U) and have validation text that warns if the data has been incorrectly inputted. 3. Hire Details This form is designed to make the inputting of information much easier and quicker than searching for a customer and ammending the details every time. It just requires you to input the video number and the client number. Everything else is done automatically. If the wrong client or video number is given then a dialogue box comes up telling you so. You will also have the ability to go staright to a clear form so that a new customer can be added or ammended. Validations will be performed automatically. The client number field will be made up of two numbers and a capital letter, 11A for example. All text that is inputted will automatically be put into upper case lettering for ease. A sample of a data capture form is in the appendix. This is how the system will operate: The diagram shows how the menus will be linked. The hire details are entered in and stored to the various tables. Then comes th possibility of ammending a current customer or adding a new one. Data Verification and Validation Access allows you to say what type of data is included in any field, and also allows me to say the maximum length allowed for any particular field. It also gives the possibility of making input masks for the field. The First and Last Name fields will always be text and most names will be shorter than twenty letters. The House Name/ Number field allows for three digits to be put in first eg 112 Orpen Drive. In fields like Sex, Title and Form Of ID, I have coded it so that only the abreviations of the input are required, and even then the input is one of a choice. This speeds up entry time and reduces the possiblilty for error. The input masks and validation rules reduce data being incorrectly inputted, but they do not completey reduces errors. Data such as name and address, can not be validated, so it has to be verified by the user when the information is being entered. This verification involves manually checking each record to ensure accuracy. Output Format I wanted the output in my database to ocupy 3 sections, the visual display forms, the query which was a search output and the mail merge. I will now show that I have completed those task. First of all here is my Main form, which links all the other forms and functions together. Another output would be the members table I Also designed a query to find all the curent videos that are on loan. ID number of Member ID number of DVD ID number of Video Date Out Date In Surname Of Member Name of DVD Name Of Video Old Member Cost She1 dv004 1 25/7/01 27/7/01 Sheppard The Mummy The Fast one Yes à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2.95 My mail merge is contained at the end of this project. User Guide To load the database click on the database file twice quickly (double click) To save the database click file, the save. Or just click on the icon that looks like this. If you require any further help try microsofts built in help progam. Then is one in Help/Microsoft assistant. And also one accesible by pressing the start button. Then on the help file. Testing of Solution I am going to test my database using a variety of correct and incorrect data. In doing this I hope to find any problems with the system, and in doing this finding the solution. The test results for the major tests are shown below. Errors which came to light during the test were corrected and all tests gave expected results. Test 1: test password When the correct password was entered the database opened. Otherwise the following message was displayed: Test 2: Entering client information Client details entered. All different options, defaults and fields were tested during data entry. The tests resulted in some minor changes of the input masks, such as the number of characters allowed in the address field was not big enough for my address. Test 3: Deleting a record A client was deleted and the result were as expected, access alowed me to delte the record, after promiting me in what I was about to do. I also needed to test whether or not my query worked, to do this I first loaded it up. I was asked to type in th date when the video was due back so I typed in 27/11/01 and the query found the following result. As the query found the right result I believe that my query works correctly. Evaluation of Solution By looking at my testing I can conlcude that my database is succesfull, as all the buttons, tables and queries work correctly. If I look at my my evaluation crtitera I can say whether or not I have completeed them. * It should take less than thirty seconds to establish whether a customer is already on file (Query member search) DONE * It should be possible to go directly from the Customer Details form to the entry of a video that that customer has hired, without having to re-enter the customers name, etc. (Relationships) DONE * Data entry should be as fast and as easy as possible, particularly as there are several hundred existing customers and videos to be entered when the system is first installed. (Data flow) DONE * It be able to show who has rented what video and when. (loan table) DONE * There must be provision for more than one video to be hired at once by the same person. IMCOMPLETE * The new system is required to provide the following information: * A list of all rentals that are overdue and need chasing. (Date due back query) DONE * It should be possible to send a standard letter to selected customers, using criteria mentioned above. (Mail merge) DONE * The user must be able to create new letters whenever needed and perform a mail merge to selected customers. (Mail merge wizard) DONE Seeing as I have completed nearly all of my evaluation points I believe that I can say that my database project is a complete success.

Immanuel Kant Metaphysics of Morals Essay Example for Free

Immanuel Kant Metaphysics of Morals Essay Kant argued that moral requirements are based on a standard of rationality he dubbed the Categorical Imperative (CI). Immorality thus involves a violation of the CI and is thereby irrational. This argument was based on his striking doctrine that a rational will must be regarded as autonomous, or free in the sense of being the author of the law that binds it. The fundamental principle of morality ? the CI ? is none other than this law of an autonomous will. Thus, at the heart of Kants moral philosophy is a conception of reason whose reach in practical affairs goes well beyond that of a Humean ?slave to the passions. Moreover, it is the presence of this self-governing reason in each person that Kant thought offered decisive grounds for viewing each as possessed of equal worth and deserving of equal respect. In Kants terms, a good will is a will whose decisions are wholly determined by moral demands or as he refers to this, by the Moral Law Kants analysis of commonsense ideas begins with the thought that the only thing good without qualification is a ? good will. While the phrases ? hes good hearted, ? shes good natured and ? she means well are common, ? the good will as Kant thinks of it is not the same as any of these ordinary notions. The idea of a good will is closer to the idea of a ? good person, or, more archaically, a ? person of good will The basic idea is that what makes a good person good is his possession of a will that is in a certain way ? determined by, or makes its decisions on the basis of, the moral law The idea of a good will is supposed to be the idea of one who only makes decisions that she holds to be morally worthy, taking moral considerations in themselves to be conclusive reasons for guiding her behavior. This sort of disposition or character is something we all highly value. Kant believes we value it without limitation or qualification. First, unlike anything else, there is no conceivable circumstance in which we regard our own moral goodness as worth forfeiting simply in order to obtain some desirable object Second, as a consequence, possessing and maintaining ones moral goodness is the very condition under which anything else is worth having or pursuing. Intelligence and even pleasure are worth having only on the condition that they do not require giving up a commitment to honor ones fundamental moral convictions In Kants terms, a good will is a will whose decisions are wholly determined by moral demands or as he refers to this, by the Moral Law A holy ordivine will, if it exists, though good, would not be good because it is motivated by thoughts of duty. argues that a dutiful action from any of these motives, however praiseworthy it may be, does not express a good will and other outcomes of lawful behavior. Indeed, we respect these laws to the degree, but only to the degree, that they do not violate values, laws or principles we hold more dear. Yet Kant thinks in acting from duty that we are not at all motivated by a prospective outcome or some other extrinsic feature of our conduct. We are motivated by the mere conformity of our will to law as such Kant holds that the fundamental principle at the basis of all of our moral duties is a categoricalimperative. It is an imperative because it is a command (e. g. , Leave the gun. Take the cannoli.) More precisely, it commands us to exercise our wills in a particular way, not to perform some action or other. It is categorical in virtue of applying to us unconditionally, or simply because we possesses rational wills, without reference to any ends that we might or might not have. It does not, in other words, apply to us on the condition that we have antecedently adopted some goal for ourselves. Kants first formulation of the CI states that you are to act only in accordance with that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it become a universal law. First, formulate a maxim that enshrines your reason for acting as you propose. Second, recast that maxim as a universal law of nature governing all rational agents, and so as holding that all must, by natural law, act as you yourself propose to act in these circumstances. Third, consider whether your maxim is even conceivable in a world governed by this law of nature. If it is, then, fourth, ask yourself whether you would, or could, rationally will to act on your maxim in such a world. If you could, then your action is morally permissible. Kant held that ordinary moral thought recognized moral duties toward ourselves as well as toward others. Hence, together with the distinction between perfect and imperfect duties, we recognize four categories of duties: perfect duties toward ourselves, perfect duties toward others, imperfect duties toward ourselves and imperfect duties toward others Kants example of a perfect duty to others concerns a promise you might consider making but have no intention of keeping in order to get needed money At the heart of Kants moral theory is the position that rational human wills are.

Modeling and of Diatom Mud in Residential Space

Modeling and of Diatom Mud in Residential Space Modeling and of Diatom Mud in Residential Space and the Application Scenario Research Keywords: diatom mud, living environment, living space, modeling, application.       Abstract. Our original ecological diatom mud qualities as a starting point for research, analyzes peoples consumption concept, aesthetics, environmental protection awareness. This article describes the basics and the origin of diatom mud, diatom mud analyzes the features, functions and defects, the diatom mud paint and wallpaper were compared to explain the process and the market situation diatom mud, silicon Prospects algae mud were discussed. Through analysis of this environmentally friendly decorative paint diatom mud, summed diatom mud there are some problems in the conventional construction; through research and exploration of the diatom mud module series is proposed in the form of modules forming diatom mud can serialization assembly decorative product design concept. Introduction In recent years, the impact of interior decoration materials on air quality is being noticed. In addition to aesthetic and practical decorative effect, environmental health functions become an important selection of decorative materials reference index and energy saving, healthy and comfortable interior decoration materials products gradually become the main tendency of the building materials industry. Diatom mud decorative wall material of the unique features of multiple environmental health to become the new darling of decorative building materials market, a unique decorative effect has gained more and more users of all ages. Paints and coatings include diatoms diatom mud. Diatoms paint is added to a conventional latex or oil paint in a certain percentage of diatomaceous earth to impart regulate humidity, absorption of harmful gases to improve adhesion and abrasion resistance more features and so on. Diatom mud is diatomaceous earth as the main raw material, adding a variety of additives made of powder coatings. Diatom mud is China in recent years, emerging as a functional interior decoration environmentally friendly materials, with humidity control, air purification, fire retardant, acoustic noise reduction, thermal insulation and protection of eyesight, self-cleaning walls and other features. Diatom mud is not only versatile, but also can make a variety of color texture, rich styling, style, complete, so the diatom mud introduced into China just a few years it has developed rapidly, the majority of customers and recognition. Diatom mud is a new natural green paint, latex paint and wallpaper to substitute for villas, hotels, homes, apartments, hospitals and other interior decoration. Since the water resistance is poor, not much current is applied to the external walls. Diatomaceous earth from fossil marine diatom algae plants formed after millions of years, the main component of opal and its variants, followed by clay minerals. Diatomite prominent molecular lattice structure determines its unique features, it has a strong physical adsorption and ion exchange properties, after finishing widely used functional coatings, pharmaceutical aid, food additives, nuclear radiation adsorbents and other fields. Diatomaceous earth is a siliceous sedimentary rock, mainly in China, the US, Denmark, France, the former Soviet Union, Romania and other countries. Figure.1 Diatomite SEM photograph The Proposed Methodology Diatom mud decorative wall material.Diatom mud is mainly composed of inorganic cementitious materials, diatom functional fillers, pigments and other auxiliary materials. Currently diatom mud wall decoration materials market mainly dry powder coating material was stirred when such products into similar construction of water sludge, referred to as diatom mud. and more to scratch, wiping construction methods, mainly by its functional features added fillers decision. Diatomite features.The main function of the material as diatomaceous earth is a biogenic siliceous sedimentary rock, the ocean or lake grown diatoms creatures underwater debris deposited by a non-metallic mineral natural environment and evolving role. The main component of diatomaceous earth is amorphous SiO2, followed by minerals, but also contains some organic matter. SiO2 content is one of the diatoms content measurement flag diatomite ore. Diatomaceous earth because of its unique structural features and a delicate, loose, light, porous, absorbent and strong penetration properties and diatomaceous earth and the physical characteristics of both the chemical composition, but also with algae are composed of mineralization environmental conditions and directly affect the diatomite applications. These properties include the color, physical properties, specific gravity, bulk density, melting point, particle size, pore size, and some applications also need to consider the specific surface area and porosity. Since diatomite unique porous structure and excellent absorption properties, making diatom mud decorative wall material combines the unique features of environmental health. It features diatom mud decorative wall material.Diatom mud decorative wall material is the use of diatomaceous earth having a delicate, loose, light, porous, absorbent and permeability and other characteristics, with the traditional interior decoration materials combined to produce both decorative effect and environmental health function decorative building materials. Diatom mud has the following characteristics. The humidity performance. After the film-forming diatom mud coating the interior has a porous structure, when the indoor air relative humidity is too high, the air vapor pressure above the saturation vapor pressure of diatoms wall material surface hole concave surface water on this when water vapor is adsorbed, the desorption and vice. By water vapor absorption, release, effectively regulate the indoor air relative humidity values, so that control in the appropriate range of human health, improve indoor air quality, good living environment. Purifying air. Purification function is also porous channel structure is based on the adsorption of free capture odor molecules in the air, formaldehyde, benzene, volatile organic compounds and a variety of substances. Add the appropriate preparation process purification materials, odor molecules adsorbed molecules rapid decomposition of harmful substances, and thus achieve the purpose of purifying the elimination of hazardous substances, keep indoor air fresh and clean. Diatom mud has a unique molecular sieves structure, not only can absorb moisture in the air can be effectively adsorbed in the air free of formaldehyde, benzene and other harmful chemical substances and odors from smoking, garbage, pet excretion produced thereby to purify indoor air purposes. This is similar to the physical adsorption of activated carbon, but also has the effect of chemical decomposition. Physical adsorption diatom mud is a quick process, but a slow chemical decomposition. Specific reaction process i s as follows: 2HCHO + O2 = 2HCOOH 2HCOOH + O2 = 2C O2 ↑ + 2H2O C O2 + H2O + Ca2 + = CaCO 3 ↓ + 2H + 2HCOOH + Ca2 + = Ca (HCOO) 2 + 2H + Ca (HCOO) 2 + O2 = CaCO3 ↓ + H2O + CO2 ↑ Anti-condensation. Indoor relative humidity stays high, the construction of the wall is easy to produce condensation, having a high level of humidity performance diatom mud decorative wall material can be efficiently adsorbed water vapor molecules and water molecules inside a high capacity reservoir to remove the accumulated surface excessive water vapor molecules to prevent surface condensation. Antibacterial and anti-fungal. Diatom mud decorative wall material can effectively absorb water vapor adhering to the surface, eliminating mold, bacteria growth environment from the source, in addition to effectively suppress and destroy the growth of mold. Some diatom mud products tend to add a certain amount of antimicrobial agent, in order to achieve efficient antibacterial effect sterilization. Protect eyesight. Diatom mud porous surface, which will help generate diffuse, effectively reduce the refractive index of the light, so soft colors. Diatom mud coating the room, the walls reflects light naturally soft, not easy to cause visual fatigue, can effectively protect the eyesight, especially for the protection of eyesight effect is remarkable. The paint surface is flat as a mirror, tend to have higher gloss, refractive index of light is strong, so sharp colors, easily lead to visual fatigue, damage eyesight. Acoustic noise reduction. Diatom mud itself porous, with strong noise reduction function, can effectively absorb harmful high frequency sound segments, and low frequency noise attenuation. Its effectiveness is equivalent to the same thickness of the stone or cement mortar 2 to 3 times. At the same time can be reduced nearly 50% of the reverberation time, significantly reduce the noise on the human body, it is also more suitable for diatom mud railway station and residents near the plant and the use of mechanical units, diatom mud will create a restful nights sleep or working environment. Self-cleaning walls. Diatom mud is mainly composed of an inorganic material SiO2, does not produce static electricity, dust easily attached to the surface. Even among texture or pattern fall into the dust, it is very easy to remove with a feather duster, for hand writing footprints and can be erased with a rubber lightly, as the new permanent wall. Design animated image.In the early development of Chinas animation industry, folk art is widely applied to the design of the animated image, and achieved good results. Folk art in China has a very long history, from the Dunhuang murals to the Han Dynasty brick, paper cutting from northern Shaanxi to Tianjin clay figurines, paintings from Weifang to Shengzhou Shaoxing opera, are forms of folk art. In addition, the design of the characters also has a very rich experience, these design experience and skills for animated image designs, has a very good reference guide, which is the most typical drama. Theatre is one of the widely popular folk art form of folk art in terms compared to other, more emphasis on characters design, which is the most typical mask and clothing. Building materials and technical requirements.Diatom mud technical characteristics of the product, this standard provides technical requirements diatom mud decorative wall material includes a total of three parts, namely, the general technical requirements, functional requirements and technical requirements of harmful substances. General technical requirements which include nine state indicators, workability, appearance of the coating, the initial drying crack resistance, dry time, alkali resistance, adhesive strength, resistance to temperature and humidity performance and diatoms and other ingredients; functional technical requirements include The humidity performance, formaldehyde adsorption properties, formaldehyde purifying effect lasting performance, anti-fungal and anti-5 performance indicators mold durability, etc; harmful substances required to detect volatile organic compounds, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene sum of free formaldehyde and soluble heavy metals. Application Status diatom mud. Diatom mud as a new type of environmentally friendly materials, in the form of mud is replacing wallpaper, paint and other traditional interior decoration materials, its production and use have great prospects for development. Japan long ago diatom mud has been used in the construction industry. In the 1960s, Japan supplies scholars began to conduct functional studies diatom mud, diatom mud soon as a new functional building material are widely used. In 1980, the study of environmentally friendly building materials concern environmental protection experts, diatom mud function once again scientists deepen the study, after selection and processing of mineral products diatoms used as a filter aid and adsorbent materials, used in food many areas of medicine, daily chemical, nuclear waste and sewage treatment, such as the production of beer filtration, water purification, medical injections and blood plasma filtration, beauty care products manufacturing and so on. Test methods and index.According to various architectural coatings, interior paint test method specified in the standard functions of the technical indicators at home and abroad, combined with interior decoration diatom mud wall material characteristics Technical indicators refer to the existing domestic and international testing methods and standards, finalized the present standard of the technical requirements and test methods. Diatoms ingredients.Diatom mud decorative wall material reason why the name diatom mud, diatom is because it must function as the main material, and thus comprise one diatom diatom mud decorative wall material must have the basic characteristics. Different manufacturers diatom mud formulations on the market vary, many of the components added to the quantitative analysis of the product a great deal of difficulty. The most commonly used quantitative analysis of diatom test methods are X-ray diffraction (XRD) phase analysis and chemical methods, when used diatom mud product analysis, testing error caused due to complex composition bigger. Several of the above quantitative analysis of the working group have carried out a large number of tests, not to draw reliable conclusions. Temperature and humidity resistance properties. Multi-cellular structures exist diatom mud coating, in the course of ongoing moisture absorption, desorption cycles, while the ambient temperature changes will also affect the pore structure, and thus have an impact on the life of the coating. Objective setting temperature and humidity-resistant performance is to investigate the diatom mud products subject to temperature and relative humidity after many changes, which affect performance and service life. Functional technical requirements.Diatom mud decorative wall material diatoms as the main functional materials, and therefore has specific properties, such as good moisture absorption and put wet, formaldehyde adsorption properties. Because diatom mud decorative wall material having a strong adsorption, water vapor is a good carrier, bacterial and mold growth is moisture conditions. In order to avoid long-term use of the product in question is easy to mildew, diatom mud wall material goods should be reduced by the addition of anti-bacterial mold mildew case material, so this performance standard in mold and mildew can be performed as a function durability index provisions. Diatom mud wall material has a good adsorption, not only on the ability of the adsorption of water vapor in the air, the smell in the air molecules has the same absorption features. This standard is currently selected in the home are more concerned about formaldehyde gas as a representative diatom mud adsorption capacity to detect harmful gas molecules. If only pure diatom mud after adsorption of formaldehyde molecules over time to reach saturation adsorption, adsorption of formaldehyde molecules could be desorbed overflow again cause harm to human health. Therefore, diatom mud wall material as an environmental health product requires a certain degree of purification, purification by adding functional materials, etc. to achieve in this standard indicators added formaldehyde purifying effect durability requirements. Diatom mud decorative wall material used in wet environments due to the coating process a large number of pores of the adsorption of water vapor, so easy to produce mold. As an environmentally healthy building materials and mold is necessary to achieve targets. Conclusion Diatom mud decorative wall material can effectively improve indoor air quality, beneficial to human health, with the introduction of industry standards, consumer awareness of products continues to increase, in order to regulate the market, it would also promote the healthy and orderly Rapid development. Compared to the traditional method of indoor air purification, air purification and diatom mud decorative material combination, with no energy, no secondary pollution, permanent purification, etc. and it is extremely suitable for hotels, guesthouses and the elderly, children and pets family. References 1. Cheng, Yue, and Lin He. Synthesis and Characterization of Nd-Doped ZSM-5 Zeolite from Diatom Mud. Key Engineering Materials. Vol. 727. Trans Tech Publications, 2017. 2. Anderson, John B., et al. Ross Sea paleo-ice sheet drainage and deglacial history during and since the LGM. Quaternary Science Reviews 100 (2014): 31-54. 3. Shi, Ce, et al. Effects of diatom concentration in prepared feeds on growth and energy budget of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka). Aquaculture Research 46.3 (2015): 609-617. 4. Cochero, Joaquà ­n, Magdalena Licursi, and Nora Gà ³mez. Changes in the epipelic diatom assemblage in nutrient rich streams due to the variations of simultaneous stressors. Limnologica-Ecology and Management of Inland Waters 51 (2015): 15-23. 5. Virtasalo, Joonas J., et al. Base of brackish-water mud as key regional stratigraphic marker of mid-Holocene marine flooding of the Baltic Sea Basin. Geo-Marine Letters 36.6 (2016): 445-456.

The Legacy Of Jackie Robinson Essay example -- Sports Baseball

The legacy of Jackie Robinson goes beyond the April 15, 1947 afternoon at Ebbets Field, when the Brooklyn Dodger infielder became the first black in the 20th century to play baseball in the major leagues. He changed the sport, and he changed the attitude of a lot of people in this country, Jackie Robinson fought for all the people that were fortunate, a lot of them are, especially the minority guys, to be able to play in the major leagues and the impact on the people of color today. Robinson was an undeniably great player who had some of his best years stolen from him. He was a speedster who led his team to six World Series, won Rookie of the Year honors, an MVP award and was a six-time All-Star. But it’s not because of his marvelous career that Jackie’s number 42 is retired in every major league ballpark. It’s because on a chilly afternoon in 1947 at Ebbets Field, Robinson took the diamond for the Dodgers to become the first black man to play in a major league baseball game in the modern era. His stellar play and moreover, his poise under fire paved the way for baseball integration, as barriers broke down in baseball, they also started to crumble in society at large. While Jackie is best remembered for integrating major league baseball, an incident that occurred before his fame as a Dodger heralded his future as a warrior in the battle for civil rights. America entered World War II, as in most of America at the time; blacks suffered the indignation of segregation. Jim...

Would You Buy a Car That Looked Like This Essay -- Article Review, And

Andrew Simms, a policy director and head of the Climate Change Program for the New Economics Foundation in England, presents his argument about the impact SUV’s have on our roadways, and the air we breathe. â€Å"Would You Buy a Car That Looked like This? â€Å". The title alone gives great insight on what the article is going to be about, (vehicles). â€Å"They clog the streets and litter the pages of weekend colour *supplements. Sport utility vehicles or SUV’s have become badges of middle class aspiration† (Simms 542). Simms opening statement not only gives his opinion on how SUV’s are the new trend, but he also paints a picture of what we see every day driving down our roadways. Simms also compares the tobacco industry’s gap between image and reality to that of SUV’s; stating that the cause and consequences of climate change resemble smoking and cancer. Simms comparison between SUV’s and cigarettes shows how dangerous he believes SUV’s are. Simms believes that the SUV’s we’ve grown to love are dangerous and polluting. Simms describes just how damaging he believes SUV’s to be with a quote, set to become, â€Å"one of the world’s most common causes of death and disability-ahead of TB, HIV, and war† (qtd. in Simms 542). This is a very strong statement; so strong that it causes the reader to question the source. It also promotes an emotional appeal to the reader. Death, war, and HIV are very serious issues; comparing them to SUV’s causes a need for attention. Next Simms addresses how the Global warming conference in two weeks causes urgency for some new thinking on SUV’s. This statement shows Simms concerns about Global warming and the effects from SUV’s. It also shows his need to inform. Then Simms introduces his solution, â€Å"So shouldn’t SUV’s now ... ...countries Simms assumes readers will feel that it’s time for America to acknowledge the SUV Problem too; and also take action. Finally Simms concludes his argument with his labeling solution. Simms proposes setting a threshold guideline; which could be set to trigger the labeling when the efficiency drops below a certain threshold. â€Å"Like those for cigarettes, the warnings could cover 30-50 percent of the vehicles surface area† (Simms 544). Simms also states that this method won’t stop SUV’s from being driven, but would force them to except the consequences of their actions, and help the education drive on global warming and traffic safety .In other words it would help the industry move out of denial. Simms statement shows that he has a realistic view on his solution. Also his conclusion reinforced his idea, promoted thought and gave readers a visual.

Incest in Greek Mythology Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Incest in Greek Mythology      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Incest in Greek mythology was a common occurrence. Part of the reason is that the gods themselves set the example, and since everything that happened in society was the result of the passion of the gods, this, of course, gave the characters in the Greek plays the opportunity to also lust after their children and relatives. While the story of Oedipus the King is the delineating play on the subject, Greek mythology is full of incestuous relationships.    The gods who inspired the love and hate relationships among families include Hermes, who used his magical use of language to lure the feelings of his brother Apollo away from jealousy to love. Hermes' reward was divination, and he became the god who protected travelers, symbolized by the crossroads-or the choices made. Sarah Harrell states that Hermes' crossroads includes the crossroads to sexuality, typified by the love the brothers developed for one another. Although this love is most often viewed as familial and positive, Harrell invokes the retelling of Homer's Hymn to Hermes in which the threats of domination can be viewed in terms of sexual innuendo (Harrell 309). In fact, Harrell compares the actions of Apollo and Hermes to those of Zeus and his brother Poseidon, the rulers-and progenitors-of the Earth. Therefore, these brotherly ties, based on the loving relationships between brothers, begin with Zeus and Poseidon, thus extending the same type of familiarity to all brothers o f the world.    As further proof of incest and Zeus's contribution to the image in Greek mythology is the story of Chiron, who was born of a union between Zeus and Ixion, the son of Ares (Sharman-Burke and Greene 33). Ares was the son of Zeus and Hera ... ... Penguin Books, 1975). Euripides. Three Great Plays of Euripides. Trans. By Rex Warner. (New York NY: Mentor Book, The New American Library, 1958). Green, Janet M.. "Sophocles' 'Oedipus Rex.'" The Explicator, vol. 52 no. 1. (1993): Fall, p. 2-3. Harrell, Sarah E. "Apollo's Fraternal Threats: Language of succession and domination in the Homeric Hymn to Hermes." Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies, vol. 32 no. 4. (1991): Winter, pp. 307(23). Luyster, Robert. "Dionysos: The masks of madness." Parabola, vol. 20 no. 4. (1995): Winter, pp. 43(6). Plato. Great Dialogues of Plato. Ed. by John Clive Graves Rouse. (New York NY: The New American Library, Inc., 1956). Sharman-Burke, Juliet, and Greene, Liz. The Mythic. (New York NY: Fireside Books, 1986). Watney, Simon. "Aphrodite of the Future." Artforum, vol. 32 no. 8. (1994): April, pp. 75(3).   

Othello – Iago’s Deception of Roderigo

In this passage, Iago is trying to persuade Roderigo that they both have a common enemy, Othello, and that they should work together in their revenge against him. Iago wants revenge because Othello gave the promotion of lieutenant to Cassio instead of him. Roderigo wants revenge because Othello is married to Desdemona, the woman Roderigo is madly in love with. The passage then ends with Roderigo leaving the stage, leaving Iago alone to recite a soliloquy, revealing his true emotions to the audience for the first time. In his first speech, Iago seems very controlling over Roderigo; he starts his speech by two consecutive gestures implicating that he is the superior character in the scenario. He starts by telling Roderigo how he feels towards Iago, â€Å"Thou art sure of me†, leaving no room for Roderigo to question him. This boldly tells the audience that Iago is the decision maker in this duo, as he is making an important decision for Roderigo, whether to trust Iago or not. Roderigo’s indecision has made him ‘weak’. Iago then immediately orders Roderigo to go ‘make money’, which further emphasizes Iago’s superiority. Iago then goes on to trying to comfort Roderigo with the orders and decisions Iago is making for him, in a sense, by showing him how they are both in common and want the same final outcome (that they both hate Othello and want him to suffer). â€Å"I have told thee often, and I retell thee again and again, I hate the moor†, Iago uses the words ‘again and again’ to emphasize and make clear and definite how much he loathes Othello, and then says ‘my cause is hearted’ to express how important it is for him to have revenge on Othello (he craves it deep down in his heart, hence it is hearted). Iago then proposes that he and Roderigo should work together in an accumulative effort to avenge against Othello, and continues to try and persuade him to trust him. He says ‘ if thou canst cuckold him, thou dost thyself a pleasure, me a sport’ to ensure Roderigo that he can help him in sleeping with Desdemona, which will bring great pleasure to Roderigo, and will be easy to accomplish for Iago, much like a ‘sport’. The word ‘sport’ is particularly interesting as, in my opinion, it makes Iago seem very wicked because it seems as if sabotaging relationships is a sport to him, an act that brings him joy and others sorrow. ‘For I mine own gained†¦. But for my sport and profit’, this sentence which Iago says in his soliloquy, suggests to the audience that Iago is a selfish or self-empowering person, meaning that he would not spend time or waste knowledge unless it somehow benefited him. In Iago’s soliloquy, it is the first time the audience gets to see how he processes the events of the play and how he thinks and plans his revenge against Othello. He reveals how he plans to turn Othello and Cassio against one another and, by doing so, ‘eliminating two birds with one stone. This also stimulates a sense of suspense, as the audience is aware of the damage that will happen in the future but are not aware of how it will happen. During the soliloquy, Iago presents his two-faced character, which the audience by now will have suspected he has. After Roderigo leaves, Iago immediately starts his soliloquy by expressing how much of a fool Roderigo is, and how Iago is only using him as a sort of personal piggy bank. â€Å"Thus do I ever make my fool my purse†. This immediately makes it clear and obvious to the audience that Iago is not what he seems and what the other characters believe him to be, honest and loyal. This bluntly imprints Iago’s true personality into the minds of the audience.

Bba 8th Sem Report Purbanchal University

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1. 1 flat coat An medical housemanship is the result of supervision nurture inf on the toilsomeible for qualifying for a profession. It follows a stipulate accountability along of academic reference pointor and enlightenroom years. An interneship schedule is an educational plan which combines classroom metaphysical acquaintance and pr proceedingical get acquaintance in industrial, blood line, or brass ladder situations. These help learners to exhaust probability to indicate academic theories and principles to action, to test amodal value rush interestingnesss and to develop skills and abilities with cargon with child(p)y int extirpate and wieldd programs related to the cargoner of their choice.Internship is a practical section of the BBA rail line undeni adequate to be d unrivaled by to each maven and e re each(prenominal)y BBA students. Internship is an applied determine of noesis which we grant learnt in BBA extend on eighth Semester. Internship is just standardised a training section in which we get existn with the collective finishing and gain practic equalness in our lifestyle. Hence, it is the way with which we bathroom achieve our cargoner purpose. With its ultimate objective of educating students for professional pursuits in line of reasoning, industry and administration the Faculty of Management (FoM), TU has been continuously lay motilitys towards providing eccentric education to the people.Furthermore, FoM has been contri only ifing to change magnitude the knowl bounds and d proteststairsstanding of telephone circuit and popular administration by offering diverse programs that shell concede in achieving the objectives. bach in trading Administration (BBA) is one of the programs offered by FoM with a view to play the gap of Middle Level Managers in the p arntage trade with competent, practic each(prenominal)y able, soci both t onetime(a)y responsive, creati ve and overhaulic-oriented management professionals.In its process of maturation such professionals, BBA pick ups the students to gain an eight weeks follow up as an intern that is expected to intermix the speculative knowledge gained in the classroom with the real influence environment. This report is the issuance of the requirement which includes the show based on the knowledge and project limit growd at run aground BANK as an intern. The report tries to content on the broadsideing procedure at the hope along with separate applicable in socio-economic classation. 1. 2 Objectives of the ReportAn internship program is organized with a of import objective to reserve student an probability to be familiarize with b grizzlyness activities and environment. Further it withal delivers us with an hazard for developing managerial skills by relieve oneselfing(a) in the nerve. It is to adjudicate and comp be the hypothetical aspect with the practical life, wi th as intimately to rate the problem and their underlying ca wasting diseases with complying developing capabilities to evaluate potential solutions that optimize arrangings Strength, Weakness, Potential Opportunities and free-enterprise(a) Threats.It withal helps to develop strategic skills in student which helps to reduce the risk and weakness, and to hub opportunities and strength. 1. 3 Methodology 1. 3. 1 Organization picking Being the student of finance it was necessary for me to analyze the activities of fiscal celestial sphere, speci bothy sticking welkin. For organisation selection my college helped me to assessed the chamfering organizations. With the help of college I last get a chance to do internship in Laxmi avow Limited.Accordingly, I dropped ain Application and College Recommendation Letter with CV (Curriculum Vitae) in the PCBL by and by I followed up prescribedly with human resource manager till I was ordained for the internship. Fin repairlyy, I was appointed on June at PCBL on CSD. 1. 3. 2. stead During the internship result of eight weeks I was laid client divine inspection and repair De intermitment (CSD),. The internship was rightfully in relieve oneselfative and effective. I would re both(prenominal)y privation to thank the Human Resource (HR) plane section for my arrangement in the plane sections. 1. 3. 3.Duration of Internship The fix grant me the internship period of eight weeks starting f read-only storage Jestha 20, 2068 B. S to Shrawan 13, 2067. In this period I got an opportunity to be a segment of conf utilize separate and work in that location. 1. 3. 4 Activities carried forth During 8 weeks of internship, I was allocated at rude(a) baneshwor distinguishableiate of PCBL. The more chief(prenominal) single-valued function used in data processor for commiting occasional stranding proceeding and setting up nibs is Pumori asset softw be and the softw atomic turn of events 18 helps to perform all the activities of mixed partition as need.PCBL, one of the major(ip) fiscal intermediaries whose primary function is to transfer of fiscal resources from the savers to the users. This section includes the study based on the internship period and the heterogeneous undertakings performed during the stay in bound. During these 8 weeks, I was perplexd in Customer attend to Department, Remittance and hindrance Clearing Department. The activities I performed in the organization, during my internship on the basis of the surgical incisions atomic payoff 18 as follows- Customer assistant department in in that paying attention the miscellaneous activities perform were-It is truly crucial department where minutes pool of nodes distinguish face-to-face fundamental interaction with the module of PCBL. Customer attend is the readiness of overhaul to guests before, during and after(prenominal) buy. Customer supporter department is one of the busiest as t horoughly as the major department of margin where the interaction of the guest is the nigh. * rise tender floor for the nodes yacking the slang. * distinguish Reactivation. * Closing of discover * making known almost the brinks wargon to the node. * Suggesting case of product and utility suited to customer. * create respite tale for the customers. Providing respite pre move to customer. * Preparing and moment arrest books for the customers and keep up record. * Informing the customers roughly the contrasting department in the cuss and respective function * familyature tune change Request. * Block, Refresh and Re discipline unseasoned automatic teller- calculate poster after verification. * Reissue of pin. * re-create of obstinate fasten. * Filling of KYC form. * Stop recompense for wrongly issued stoppage, as per quest of report toter. * Locker register, in and out time. * make periodic Report and weekly report, regarding A/C open and A/c sozzled. Recording Petty nones expenses and baksheesh quarterly report. * Receiving and make call and vary the call. * File transfer and Management i. bridle book request sacks ii. remnant credentials photocopy and its issuance request application. iii. cover program line request applications. iv. explanation Opening forms after completion. v. Visa debit nonice application forms, sms commiting, E- wedgeing and vi. Other incoming letters. * holding record of transaction (while distributing curb book, debit entry batting revision, A/C start, statement printing, locker, chemical equilibrium present etc). Updating schooling whenever necessaryOthers * Photocopying * Faxing * bump off a call * S croupening 1. 4 Limitations of the Study * Time and resources constraints argon opposite limitations of the study. * Since the internship period was modified to only 8 weeks, it was not practicable to exact in depth and detail study of all the activities of all depart ments. * The banking sector is the most hawkish sector. So intern was make familiar with only the routine work of bank and was not made familiar to the core schooling of the bank. * The banks staves were passing occupied by their work so they had very little time to interact with the intern. As internship period falls under the month of Assad during the resolution time of banking sector so the banks staffs were highly occupied by their workloads so they had very little time to interact and monitor lizard the interns. * The mo unclutterary data of accredited pecuniary year 2067/68 couldnt be collected as the auditing process was not completed. * This report is mainly based on my mortalal indivi batting orderinalfold start out and knowledge gained during internship period and theoretical knowledge gained from course study so lacking of technical foul terminology and its right use gabardinethorn jutms to be missing.In spite of all those limitation, I know tried my level outdo to gain adequate knowledge of banking and incorporated subtlety and sincerely perform the t need prep aren by the supervisor and the staffs. The whole look was an exciting challenge as tumefy as excellent encyclopaedism opportunity . CHAPTER -TWO INTRODUCTION OF THE INDUSTRY 2. 1 Meaning of bank An organisation received by the political notification to accept set , pay interest ,clear checks, make bestows , act as an intermediary in monetary transaction and provide other pecuniary work to its customers. hope is a fiscal institution, which finagles with the coin, receiving dandy as nonplus from customer honouring customers drawing against such deposits on submit, collection of sound outs for customers and lend or put surplus deposits until they argon required for re wages. In present days, discordant types of strands be open up with discordant different product and purposes and targets such as industrial aver, mercenary-grade depository fin ancial institution, culture patois, Joint stock bank building, Co-operatives chamfer and schooling slang etc. Modern entrusts atomic number 18 more march on than the ancient one.This is collect to increased population and reading resulting changes in industrial field and address, increase in competition, changes in peoples political theory and receivable to increased inter social intercourse and dependence with each other. It is planetaryly state that the boy BANK has been originated in Italy. In the middle of 12th one C at that place was a great financial crisis in Italy due to war. To meet the war expenses, the disposal of that period a forced tenderloanon citizens of the domain at the interest of 5% per annum.Such loans were known as Compare, minto etc. The most common mark was Monte. In Germany the expression Monte was take a crapd as banking company or desiree. According to some writers, the book of storey curse has been derived from the condition bank. It is in addition said that the sound out bank has been derived from the word Banco which means a banch. The Jews monetary resource lenders in Italy used to transact their vocation sitting on banches at different commercialize place places. When any of them used to peter out to meet his obligations, his Banco or banch or banch would be broken by the angry creditors.The word jargonrupt depends to be originated from broken Banco. Since, the banking organisation has been originated from money leading chore line it is rightly argued that the word stick has been originated from the word Banco. Today the word bank is used as a omnibus(prenominal) term for a shape of institutions carrying on certain kinds of financial business. In practice, the word banking company means which borrows money from one class of people and again lends money to other class of people for interest or profit 2. 2 Evolution of Banking IndustryThe frontbanks were themerchants of ancient wor ld that madeloans to farmers and swoprs that carried healthys in the midst of cities. The archetypal records of such activity dates O.K. to around two hundred0 BC inAssyria andBabylonia subsequently inancient Greece and during theRoman empire lenders based in temples would make loans but also added ii of the essence(p) innovations trus measureinalrthy deposits and changing money. During this period there is akin(predicate) evidence of the independent maturement of loaning of money inancient mainland Chinaand separately inancient India.Banking in the innovational sense of the word skunk be traced to medieval and early renascenceItaly, to the rich cities in the north wish wellFlorence,Venice andGenoa. TheBardiandPeruzzi families dominated banking in 14th nose commodedy Florence, puting branches in many other split ofatomic subject 63. Perhaps the most famous Italian bank was theMedicibank, set up by Giovanni Medici in 1397. The culture of banking spread through Europe and a number of important innovations took place in Amsterdam during theDutch Republic in the 16th atomic number 6 and in Lon mount in the seventeenth one C.During the 20th century festerings in telecommunications and reckon resulting in major changes to way banks operated and allowing they dramatically increase in size and geographical spread. TheLate-2000s financial crisissaw signifi smoket number of bank failures, including some of the worlds giganticst banks and much consider aboutbank regulation. As a public enterprise, banking made its jump off base origination around the middle of the twelfth century in Italy and the Bank of Venice, founded in 1157 was the first the public banking institution.Following it were ceremonious the Bank of Barcelona and the Bank of Genoa in 1401 and 1407 respectively. The bank of Venice and the Bank of Genoa keep to operate until the end of eighteen century. With the elaboration of technical activities in Northern Europe ther e sprang up a number of mystical banking houses in Europe and easily it spread passim the world. In Nepal, innovational banking starts with the origination of Nepal Bank Limited. 2. 3 training of Banking Industry in Nepal The history of upstart financial formation of Nepal was begun in 1937 with the goernment of the Nepal Bank Ltd. NBL) as the first mercantile message bank of Nepal with the vocalize ownership of political sympathies and general public. As mentioned above, Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) was pieceed after 19 years since the sacrificement of the first commercial bank ( i. e. ,NBL). aft(prenominal) the establishment of NRB, Nepal witnessed a systematic development of the financial system. afterward the restoration of land in 1991, Nepal has clearly been hobby a liberalized scotch polity and witnessing diversification in financial system. As a result, various banking and non-banking financial institutions beat come into existence.As of mid-July 2002, there are 16 moneymaking(prenominal) Banks, 16 developing Banks, 5 Regional sylvan development Banks, 54 Finance Companies, 34 redeeming(a) and quote Cooperatives and 25 Non judicatureal Organizations (NGOs) operating in the country. Nepals first commercial bank, the Nepal Bank Limited, was established in 1937. The establishment owned 51 percent of the shares in the bank and restraintled its operations to a heavy(p) extent. Nepal Bank Limited was headquartered in bang-up of Nepal and had branches in other parts of the country. thither were other government banking institutions.Rastriya Banijya Bank (National technical Bank), a state-owned commercial bank, was established in 1966. The Land Reform Savings potful was established in 1966 to deal with finance related to land reforms. thither were two other change financial institutions. Nepal Industrial Development Corporation, a state-owned development finance organization headquartered in metropolis of Nepal, was established in 1959 with join States assistance to offer financial and technical assistance to private industry. Although the government drapeed in the corporation, representatives from the private business sector also sat on the plank of directors.The Co-operative Bank, which became the Agricultural Development Bank in 1967, was the main source of financing for wee agribusinesses and cooperatives. Almost 75 percent of the bank was state-owned 21 percent was owned by the Nepal Rastra Bank, and 5 percent by cooperatives and private individuals. The Agricultural Development Bank also served as the governments implementing agency for small farmers root word development projects assisted by the Asiatic Development Bank and financed by the United Nations Development Programme.The Ministry of Finance reported in 1990 that the Agricultural Development Bank, which is vested with the leading berth in agricultural loan investment, had allow loans to only 9 percent of the arrive number of farmin g families since 1965. Since the 1960s, two commercial and specialized banks ready expanded. More businesses and households had discontinue access to the credit market although the credit market had not expanded. In the mid-1980s, trey outside(prenominal) commercial banks assailable branches in Nepal.The Nepal Arab Bank was co-owned by the Emi evaluate Bank world(prenominal) Limited (Dubai), the Nepalese government, and the Nepalese public. The Nepal Indosuez Bank was jointly owned by the French Banque Indosuez, Rastriya Banijya Bank, Rastriya Beema Sansthan (National Insurance Corporation), and the Nepalese public. Nepal Grindlays Bank was co-owned by a British square called Grindlays Bank, local financial interests, and the Nepalese public. Nepal Rastra Bank was created in 1956 as the central bank. Its function was to supervise commercial banks and to guide the basic monetary policy of the nation.Its major aims were to regulate the issue of paper money sound comprehens ive circulation of Nepalese change and achieve perceptual constancy in its deepen range call capital for economic development and for trade and industry ripening develop the banking system in the country, thereby ensuring the existence of banking facilities and arrest the economic interests of the general public. Nepal Rastra Bank also was to oversee outside(prenominal) throw rates and foreign exchange militia. Prior to the establishment of Nepal Rastra Bank, capital of Nepal had little control over its foreign currentness holdings.Indian rupees were the prevalent strength of exchange in most parts of the country. Nepalese immediate payment was used mostly in the capital of Nepal Valley and the touch hill areas. The existence of a dual currency system made it ponderous for the government to know the status of Indian currency holdings in Nepal. The exchange rates mingled with Indian and Nepalese rupees were ascertain in the marketplace. Between 1932 and 1955, the v alue of deoxycytidine monophosphate Indian rupees varied between Rs71 and Rs177. The government entered the currency market with a form of fixed exchange rate between the two currencies in 1958.An act passed in 1960 sought to regulate foreign exchange transactions. Beginning in the 1960s, the government made special efforts to use Nepalese currency inside the country as a medium of exchange. It was only after the signing of the 1960 Trade and Transit Treaty with India that Nepal had full access to foreign currencies other than the Indian rupee. Prior to the treaty, all foreign exchange earnings went to the Central Bank of India, and all foreign currency require were provided by the Indian government.After 1960 Nepal had full access to all foreign currency transactions and straight controlled its exports and imports with countries other than India. As a result of the treaty, the government had to separate Indian currency (convertible currency because of free convertibility) from other currencies (nonconvertible currency because it was directly controlled by Nepal Rastra Bank). In 1991 government statistics button up separated trade with India from trade with other countries. Tables showing international reserves listed convertible and nonconvertible foreign exchange reserves separately. 2. mercantile bank at a glance commercial message banks are financial intermediaries that raise funds through demand and time deposits as well as from other sources, such as federal official funds purchases and security repurchase agreements, funds from parent companies, and borrowing from other lending institutions (for example, the Federal Home contribute Banks). They use the funds to make loans, primarily to businesses and individuals, and to invest in securities. In context of Nepal the first commercial bank Nepal Bank express was established in 1937 A. D. and second Rastriya Banijya Bank was established in 1966 A. D.Nepal has opened its adit to foreign commercial banks in the nation almost a decade back. As the country followed economic liberalization, there was broad entrance of foreign banks in Nepal. consequently Nepal Arab Bank was established in 1985 A. D. in like manner the Nepal Indosuez Bank was established as joint venture between Nepal and France in 1986 A. D. , the logical entry of foreign commercial banks with full-fledged banking function led to rapid crop of banking system. After 1990 economic liberalization policy obtained by the government, now there are 33 commercial banks operating banking activities in Nepal.Latest commercial bank is Century Bank restrict. The commercial banks expanded only since the nineteenth century. The industrial revolution of the 18th century opened the vast scope for the development of commercial banking in the last century. In the 20th century, banking institution became highly specialized and sophisticated especially in put crosswised countries like USA, UK and other countries. moneymakin g(prenominal) banks deal with activities of trade, commerce, industry and agriculture that seek regular financial and other help from banks for growing Table no. 1 tend of Commercial Banks in Nepal S. No. label Operation Date (A. D. ) Head speckle Paid up detonator (Rs. In Millions) 1 Nepal Bank Ltd. 1937/11/15 capital of Nepal 3804 2 Rastriya Banijya Bank Ltd. 1966/01/23 capital of Nepal 3853 3 Agriculture Development Bank Ltd. 1968/01/02 Kathmandu 94375 4 Nabil Bank Ltd. 1984/07/16 Kathmandu 20298 5 Nepal investing Bank Ltd. 1986/02/27 Kathmandu 24091 6 Standard Chartered Bank Nepal Ltd. 1987/01/30 Kathmandu 16102 7 Himalayan Bank Ltd. 1993/01/18 Kathmandu 20000 8 Nepal SBI Bank Ltd. 1993/07/07 Kathmandu 18639 9 Nepal Bangladesh Bank Ltd. 1994/06/05 Kathmandu 20103 10 Everest Bank Ltd. 1994/10/18 Kathmandu 11196 11 Bank of Kathmandu Ltd. 1995/03/12 Kathmandu 13595 12 Nepal Credit and Commerce Bank Ltd. 1996/10/14 Siddharthanagar, Rupandehi 13997 13 Lumbini Bank Lt d. 1998/07/17 Narayangadh,Chitawan 13000 14 Nepal Industrial Commercial Bank Ltd. 1998/07/21 Biaratnagar,Morang 13116 15 Machhapuchhre Bank Ltd. 2000/10/03 Pokhara, Kaski 16272 16 Kumari Bank Ltd. 2001/04/03 Kathmandu 14850 17 Laxmi Bank Ltd. 2002/04/03 Birgunj, Parsa 16140 18 Siddhartha Bank Ltd. 2002/12/24 Kathmandu 15610 19 Global Bank Ltd. 2007/01/02 Birgunj, Parsa 15000 20 Citizens Bank International Ltd. 2007/06/21 Kathmandu 19223 21 rosiness Commercial Bank Ltd 2007/09/24 Kathmandu 22457 22 Sunrise Bank Ltd. 2007/10/12 Kathmandu 18554 23 Bank of Asia Nepal Ltd. 2007/10/12 Kathmandu 15175 24 DCBL Bank Ltd. 2008/05/25 Kamaladi, Kathmandu 19209 25 NMB Bank Ltd. 2008/06/05 Babarmahal, Kathmandu 16517 26 Kist Bank Ltd. 2009/05/07 Anamnagar, Kathmandu 20000 27 Janata Bank Nepal Ltd. 2010/04/05 impudent Baneshwor, Kathmandu 14000 28 Mega Bank Nepal Ltd. 2010/07/23 Kantipath, Kathmandu 16310 29 Commerz dedicate Bank Nepal Ltd. 2010/09/20 Kamaladi, Kathmandu 14000 3 0 Civil Bank ltd. 2010/10/24 Kathmandu 12000 31 Century commercial Bank Ltd. 2011/01/23 Kathmandu 10800 Source www. nrb. org. np 2. 5 Present Scenario of Banking Sector in Nepal on that point is tremendous growth in the number of financial institution in Nepal in the last two decades. At the commencement exercise of 1980s when financial sector was not liberalized, there were only few commercial banks and development banks performing baking activities in Nepal.thither were few micro-credit development banks, finance companies, co-operatives and NGOs with limited banking transactions. After the liberalization of the financial sector, there has been a hallmark progress both in terms of the number of financial institutions and beneficiaries of financial function. Nowadays, there are 29 commercial banks operating in Nepal. On the other chip in, a lot of financial cooperatives are also operating. With the increasing number of commercial banks, competition among themselves has also construct more complex. In todays dynamic environment, the commercial banks are assay to introduce nd establish themselves otherwise from other banks by providing special service and dragive schemes to its customers. Besides commercial banks, development banks are also improving their surgical process in Nepalese banking industry and they also play an important fibre in the growth of countrys economic position. CHAPTER -THREE INTRODUCTION TO PCBL 3. 1 Background indigenous Commercial Bank Ltd. was incorporated in September 2007 as the 21st commercial bank in Nepal. We are a Category A Financial founding registered under the Banks and Financial Institutions Act of Nepal.It has been established by big(p) business effect and professionals from change areas with a prime objective of providing Banking work to Everyone in the country where still large number of population are deprive of Banking values. The Bank has in join 389 promoters holding 70% shares of the Bank. primi tive Commercial Business Ltd has been established by prominent business personal and professional from modify areas with a prime objective of providing Banking service to everyone in the country where still large number of population are deprived of Banking work.Grand opening was make by healthy finance Minister Dr. Ram Sharan Mahat on 28th September 2007. Its Head bureau (HO) is situated at tonic Road, Bira Complex, and Kathmandu. The bank has established itself as an emerging worker in financial sector with decoct in customer service obedientness keep abreasting excellent relationship with valued customers. It is counted among the top 10 commercial banks in Nepal by independent raters and publications in the country. The Banks shares are listed and actively traded in the Nepal tenor Exchange (NEPSE).With the concept of Banking service to everyone, PCBL has entered into banking business as the 21st Commercial Bank in the country. The bank has 24 branches and has introdu ced its first automated teller facility at Bira complex, New Road (HO) to give 24 hours 365 days banking services to their valve customers. Top exporters and Importers of the country stimulate established banking relationship with the bank with a substantial volume of foreign business which has substance the banks popularity in the international trade front.With the concept of Banking service to everyone, PCBL has entered into banking business as the 21st Commercial Bank in the country. The bank has 24 branches and has introduced its first aura facility at Bira complex, New Road (HO) to give 24 hours 365 days banking services to their valve customers. Top exporters and Importers of the country have established banking relationship with the bank with a substantial volume of foreign business which has substance the banks popularity in the international trade front. 3. 2 MISSION/PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES/GOAL OF THE COMPANYOver the noncurrent 4 years, PCBL have been able to acquire a larg e customers base change to capture the market. This has been possible via continuous effort over the years to provide the facilities and best to the customers. The bank ordain endeavor to establish itself as technology savvy and customer friendly and try to halt good relationship with its customers. PCBL gives the progressive approach that edge over any other banks when it comes to introducing modern banking products and services into the banking sector. The following are the objectives that PCBL has- * To ply to all customers requirements. progression of national economy, society individual enhancing the market share. * Mobilizing capital in important areas. * underwrite everyone with positive attitude towards customers needs and strong mutual relationship. * Providing international quality banking services to the corporate. * Providing complete financial solutions to customer and assure growth opportunities to employers. * To provide/ quality services and competitive pran cing localize. * To collect spread throughout Nepal and channelize it into different productive development project. * Aims at rendering banking services to various sectors likes SMEs etc . 3 Capital Structure Prime Commercial Bank has been established by prominent business personnel and professionals from diversified areas with a prime objective of providing Banking Service to Everyone in the country where still large number of population are deprived of Banking Service. The bank leave alone endeavor to establish itself as technology savvy and customer friendly and try to maintain good relationship with its customers. The bank has been established with following capital. Authorized capital NPR 300 crores Issued capital NPR 150 crores Paid up capital NPR 116. 37 crores Paid up capital includes calls in advances of Rs 116. 37 crores. 3. 4 returns, bestow and Services of PCBL 3. 4. 1 normal Saving minimal equalizer NPR 500. 00 come to calculate 6. 00% on Daily ease sak i beak quarterly merchandise Features * On pauperization logical argument * turn debit entry loosen * dislodge stoppage countersign * forgive SMS/ net Banking * relinquish ABBS initiation * innumerable breakup/ fixate * 3. 4. 2 Prime silver redeeming(a) Minimum chemical equilibrium NPR 1000. 00 reside site 6. 00% on Daily remainder veneration observation Quarterly Product Features * On drive argumentation Free debit placard * Free check-out procedure curb * Free SMS/ lucre Banking * Free ABBS eagerness * Unlimited coitus interruptus/ cleave 3. 4. 3 Prime corporate staff obstetrical address Minimum relief NPR 0. 00 pursuit set 8. 00% on Daily agreement Interest Posting Quarterly Product Features * On Demand relation * Free calculate Card * Free Cheque adjudge * Free SMS/ lucre Banking * Free ABBS rapidity * Unlimited Withdrawal/ place 3. 4. 4 Prime Shareholders Saving Minimum Balance NPR 0. 00 Interest direct 8. 00% on Daily Balance Interes t Posting Quarterly Product Features On Demand Statement * Free calculate Card * Free Cheque Book * Free SMS/Internet Banking * Free ABBS Facility * Unlimited Withdrawal/ stick around 3. 4. 5Public Saving This product is gettable in each branch Minimum Balance NPR 100. 00 Interest localise 6. 00% on Daily Balance Interest Posting Quarterly Product Features * On Demand Statement * Debit Card load NPR 100. 00 * Free Cheque Book * SMS/Internet Banking charge NPR 50. 00 * Free ABBS Facility * Unlimited Withdrawal/ Deposit 3. 4. 6 Siddhi Ganesh Saving Account This Product is only purchasable on Sorakhutte Branch.Minimum Balance NPR 500. 00 Interest treasure 6. 00% on Daily Balance Interest Posting Quarterly Product Features * On Demand Statement * Free Debit Card * Free Cheque Book * Free SMS/Internet Banking * Free ABBS Facility * Unlimited Withdrawal/ Deposit 3. 4. 7 authoritative Deposit Minimum Balance NPR 5,000. 00 Product Features * On Demand Statement * Free Debit Card * F ree Cheque Book * Free SMS/Internet Banking * Free ABBS Facility * Unlimited Withdrawal/ Deposit bring up- period A/c cost NPR 1000. 00 for deluxe purpose. 3. 4. 8 obdurate Deposit 3 Months Interest Rate 8. 0% on Daily Balance Interest Posting Quarterly 4 Months Interest Rate 9. 50% on Daily Balance Interest Posting Quarterly 6 Months Interest Rate 10. 50% on Daily Balance Interest Posting Quarterly in a higher place 6 Month-below 1 year Interest Rate 11. 00% on Daily Balance Interest Posting Quarterly 1 year and above Interest Rate 11. 50% on Daily Balance Interest Posting Quarterly Note- In fixed deposit interest rate leave behind be transportable by looking time period and Amount to be deposit. 3. 4. 9 pillowcases of loan Deprived Sector(Institutional) * Deprived Sector(Retail) * Over drawing off * blending Capital loanword * Demand Loan * circumstance Loan * Export Credit * apply Purchases Loan Commercial Vehicles * Hire Purchases Loan Private Vehicles * Loan Against Fixed Deposits held with our bank * Loan Against Fixed Deposits held with our bank * Trust Receipt 90 days * mortgage Loan * Loan Against Government Bonds * Loan Against Shares * Loan Against Gold Silver * skipper Loan * Equipment Loan * Education Loan * SME Loan * Home Loan 3. 4. 10. fit out conduct * maneuver coin from your tarradiddle to an reputation across the globe.The Wire Transfer (SWIFT message) is a highly secure and economical method of fund transfer. We have arrangements with major banks to send SWIFT messages which ensure secure and safe remittance to any place of your choice. 3. 4. 11. Foreign currentness Demand delineate * make believe a demand draft in a foreign currency. * We provide you the facility to avail a Demand Draft in the following foreign currencies Indian Rupee, US Dollar, and Pound Sterling. You can send the Demand Draft to the beneficiary, who receives payment from drawee bank on presenting the draft. 3. 4. 12. Travelers Cheque Travelers t abs are widely accepted instrument for liaisonamajig and safety instead of change. We issue / encash travelers hindrance. 3. 4. 13. westbound Union Money Transfer /IME /Money Gram * Customers can receive payments sent via Western Union Money Transfer/IME/Money Gram from our branches. 3. 4. 14. SCT Debit Card Card Services * SCT Debit Card (SCT net income) * 870 automated tellers Network allover the Nepal. * 1500 Plus POS Terminals Network allover the Nepal. * 4000 ATMs Network of Punjab National Bank allover the India. Transaction Limit Nepal (Withdrawal Limit) level best per transaction NPR 16,000. 00 Minimum per transaction NPR 500. 0 level best for a day NPR 40,000. 00 India (Withdrawal Limit) maximum per transaction INR 10,000. 00 Minimum per transaction INR 100. 00 Maximum for a day INR 10,000. 00 aims ATM Card Issuance Charge Free New ATM Card Issuance forPublic Deposit Account Charge NPR 100. 00 Yearly restore Charge NPR 200. 00 ATM Reissue Charge (For Lost, Expi red & Damaged) NPR 200. 00 bills Withdrawal from Prime Bank ATM (Fee) Free Balance interrogative sentence from Prime Bank ATM (Fee) Free POS Transactions (Fee) Free Cash Withdrawal from SCT Network other thanPrime Bank ATM (Fee) NPR 25. 0 Balance interrogatory from SCT Network other than Prime Bank ATM (Fee) NPR 3. 00 3. 4. 15. 365 Banking Branches Holiday Counter New road 200 PM to 600 PM Service Provides during Counter * Deposit * Withdrawal * ABBS Facility * Cheque assembly * Foreign Currency Exchange * Travelers Cheque * Issuance of Indian/Foreign Currency Draft 3. 4. 16. SMS Banking Track your bet expand anytime from anywhere Our SMS Banking lets you keep track of your story even while you are on the move. Register for the service by pickax a enrollment form at our bank.After registration send SMS to 6262 with the recognizeword for your query. Receive a reply message on your supple with your required info. SMS Services Request fictional character Query Message Bal ance doubt BE pass away 5 transactions in the answer for ST Note Type BE/ST in message case and send to 6262 3. 4. 17. E-Banking Services * Balance doubt * Account Statement * Interest Statement * Tax Statement 3. 4. 18. Safe Deposit Locker * Storing valuables at home becomes a security issue. * We offer safe, trustworthy lacuna to store your valuables, documents and other things dear to you. 3. 4. 19.Locker Services * Deposit NPR 10,000. 00 to NPR 50,000. 00 * Annual fee from NPR 2000. 00 to NPR 10,000. 00 for various size 3. 4. 20. Letter of Credit * To establish Import Letters of Credit, sight as well as usance. * For you to be able to import required goods or purchase goods locally. 3. 4. 21. Bank Guarantees * We issue various bank guarantees to meet your different requirements for various purposes like bidding for tenders, issuing operation bonds, advance payment guarantees and custom guarantees. * We can also issue local guarantees against counter guarantees of congen ial foreign banks.Banking Hour Sunday Friday 1000AM 300PM Evening Counter * 300PM 700PM *Available only at specific branches 3. 5. ORGANIZATIONAL STRATEGIES The main focus of the bank is quality service. In order to be the leading provider of the banking products and services, via new technology distribution modern channel service a target stem of corporate and general customers. Some of the strategies of the PCBL are as following- * To develop a customer oriented service culture with special emphasis on customer care and convenience. * To increase PCBLs market share by following a disciplined growth strategy. To develop innovative products and services that draw in PCBLs targeted customers and market segments. * To maintain a high quality asset portfolio to achieve strong and sustainable returns and to continuously build shareholders value. * To explore new avenues for growth and profitability. * To serving the clients needs in effect and proactively. * To focus on a vindic ated list of high priority clients. * To put up strong customer relationships. These are the strategies of PCBL that has helped the bank to stand as one of the most winnerful commercial bank in Nepal as PCBL is connected to serving the customers.They are dedicated to improving customer care and to take a leading role as to integrate banking sector. PCBL seek to attract the best people and to be a leader in ful adopting their missions. 3. 6 means value and Ethical principles Integrity and Business Ethics Commitment to integrity and business ethics is our fundamental principle to do the business. Teamwork We believe that essence of success is group work and thus achievement of VMO is possible only when every member of police squad contributes to their ability. Most importantly we consider all our business partners (clients) as a part of the team with whom we share our ideas/skills, learn rom each other and take the business relations to the greater heights so as to be mutually beneficial which will ultimately lead to the successful relationship. Respect and Humility We understand that respect and humility are the refer factors to act and drive every individual towards the organisational goals. We honor the culture, language, ethnicity, social values and entrepreneurial spirit of every individual across the boundaries and draw strength from equal opportunity and diversity thereby enabling the growth of all the stakeholders.Professionalism Everything we do, we do with the highest standards of professionalism. Research and Development with focus on business partners (clients/customers) is the discover to pursue innovation, deployment of imagination and quality functions/characteristics and translate new ideas into reality consistently whereby we can delight the customer/clients by delivering the products/services with outstanding quality so that our relationships with our clients will remain forever.Good Governance We are committed to ensure the transpare ncy and internal control systems through clear-cut policy guidelines/manuals, procedures, central banks rules regulations for our own satisfaction and to satisfy the regulators thereby ensuring the Corporate Good Governance. Loyalty We maintain the highest level of loyalty towards all stakeholders, curiously the business partners (customers/clients) and promise to walk on base the business partners at difficult times/situations.We will strive to prove that Bankers are all weather friends as against the handed-down concept of Fair weather friends by maintaining the Business loyalty at all times. 3. 7. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE Table 2 List of climb on of managing director jury of conductors NAME OF THE DIRECTOR DESIGNATION EXPERIENCES Mr. Narendra Bajracharya hot seat * Past professorship Hotel Association of Nepal. * sleep together in the Banking sector for past 30 years. Mr. Uttam Narayan Shrestha Director * 32 years of puzzle in Agricultural Development Bank. * oecumen ic Manager in NIDC Capital foodstuff for 2 years. General Manager bungalow and Handicraft Industry for 1 Year. Mr. Rajendra dassie Shrestha Director * 30 years of experience in industry and trading house. Mr. Shyam Bahadur Shrestha Director * 4 years of experience in insurance companies * 20 years of experience in Pharmaceutical Industry Mr. Uday Mohan Shrestha Director * 2 years of experience in Banking Sector * 25 years of experience in Hotel Industry Mr. Umesh Shrestha Director * President for PABSON for 6 years * 30 years of experience in educational institutions. CHAPTER FOURANALYSIS OF ACTIVITES do AND PROBLEM SOLVED 4. 1 customer SERVICE DESK (CSD) Customer serviceis the provision ofservicetocustomersbefore, during and after a purchase. It is a function of how well an organization is able to constantly and consistently exceed the needs of the customer and the department in any organization that deals with the queries and complains of the customer at first is known as customer service department. For any organization it is the very place which makes an early impression to the clients. It is the place where customers make the first contact with the clients.The image and the temper of bank depend upon effective cognitive process of this department. It is the first place where the customers first get the service. It is very important to know that a highly squelched customer corset loyal longer, buys more as the organization introduces new product, pays little attention to competing brands and is less sensitive to price. It would then(prenominal) not be inappropriate to say that this department is the account to success of any organization This department is involved in various activities from opening an count on to its cloture, providing narration statement as per ustomer demand. The basic functions of this department are customer counseling, history operations and distribution activities etc Customer counseling is most important function s of customer service department. The competency of the customer service department or an organization is the solution of the quality of the customer counseling that it provides. There are various kinds of products and services ready(prenominal) in this organization. This department is also trustworthy for providing detail information regarding these different products and services. 4. 2.Major Activities through on CSD (Business Desk) 4. 2. 1 Dealing with the customer It includes attending, solving queries and assisting customer to accept out the different types of posting opening form such as saving, current and fixed deposit account redressly and also managed all the necessary documents related to his/ her recognition form. Similarly client information was entered in record of ledger as well as in computer system. various queries of clients are answered. All required information are provided very politely and sincerely. Work get ine by dealing with customer helped them t o fill cash deposit voucher * helped them to fill Account opening and closing form * helped them to use ATM * replied their queries regarding various product * gave direction to their required department 4. 2. 2 Account opening Customers who want to open new accounts are asked to fill in the form. They need to bring two passport size photographs. If they have a supplement or a nominee, then they have to bring the nominees passport size photo and citizenship as well. There are basically two types of accounts a) Saving AccountThe different deposit schemes under the saving account can be listed above in chapter three. b) Current Account Basically, this account is opened by sole-proprietorship, partnership firms, and corporations. The current account held in the name of firm is called current corporate account. The account holder has to maintain rupees five thousands as its stripped-down counterbalance. Current account provides no interest on the sum deposited. However, firms can tra nsfer the current account into call account in multiple of 10000 at the end of the day. Which provides interest on daily balance?Interest rates are negotiable on the basis of deposits. Current account can be opened for gold loan purpose also with minimum balance of NPR 1000. Account opening form is same for all type of product in PCBL but it should be maintain which type of account is going to opened in account opening form. Documentations The bank should maintain proper documentation to know about the customer in person and to a avoid account opening in the name of artificial person, companies, institutions etc. for all customers a proper application, identification document, photograph, prototype of spot are compulsory.Different documents are required for different companies and organizations. The different documents required for the individuals, companies and organizations are as follows For an individual * Citizenship certificate or passport or driving evidence. * two passp ort size photographs. * Photo of nominee (if there is a nominee) * Citizenship certificate or passport or driving license (if there is a nominee) For a sole proprietorship firm * Firm registration certificate * Income assess registration certificate (PAN/VAT) * Citizenship certificate of the proprietor. Authority letter (case of third party operation) * Declaration of sole proprietorship. For a partnership firm * compact firm registration certificate. * Income tax registration certificate. * Partnership deed. * Resolution of partners. * Citizenship of partners. * sensitive for account operation. For a private or public limited company * Company registration certificate. * Income tax registration certificate. * Identification documents. * Memorandum of linkup * Articles of association * Board resolution * Minute for account operation. For a trust companionship or social organization alteration certificate. * Trust deed. * Constitution and By laws * Board resolution Identificati on documents The company or individual is given an account number by selection in information provided on the form victimisation the computer system. PBL uses the software Pumori for its banking ascertained. The form is sorted out and further worked on. The form is divided into tetrad parts account opening form, debit card application form, cheque request form and SMS banking form. The account opening part is used to feed information in the system of the bank regarding the account, its type and enlarge of its holder.Every application form is checked, scanned and authorize by the operations incharge. After the applause of the operations incharge the forms are consignd accordingly. Some customers may also want to close account. While closing account, it is necessary to get the skin senses on the account closing form by pertain bank personnel and the account holder. The account holder should return all the unused cheque leaves and should pay a certain charge as account closure fee as per banks system. 4. 2. 3 Closing of Account Procedure * Ask the customer to fill up the form for closing the account * Verify the signature Get approval from the CSD in charge. * Deduct the necessary assessable amount and service charge from the balance * Calculate the net balance and ask the customer to draw the cheque of net balance and present it at the cash counter to issue cash * Get approval from all the department heads and file the document in account close section. Documents required while closing an account Personal Account (saving) * Remaining cheque book * Debit card * spot of the account holder in the account closing form Joint account * Remaining cheque book * ATM card contact of all the members in account closing form sole Proprietorship Account (other than Saving/ bonus Account) * Remaining cheque book * ATM card * Stamp of the company in the account closing form Account closure charges * Rs. 750 for account closed, below half dozen month from opened d ate. * Rs. 250 for account closed, after six month from opened date. 4. 2. 4 Cheque Book Issue apply book is issued at free incase the account holder lost the old request slip attached by the bank in previous cheque book. in such case RS 200 is charged. Procedure The customer is asked to fill the white slip or new cheque book request slip of their old cheque book ( if they had used cheque book before) * Account no is inserted on cheque inventory of computer system * Signature of Account holder is matched of slip and system. * Starting no and ending no of cheque book is inserted and posted * Cheque book record is kept on respective file and customer is asked to sign on it * The lost cheque of the concerned account is blocked in cheque inventory of pumari plus system. 4. 2. 5 On Demand statementSometimes the customer demand for the statement of the transactions. Issuing the statement means good-looking the whole transaction history of the account from the date as asked by the custom er up to previous day it is requested. No fee is charged. and statmend is only given to the account holder or the agents if any mentioned. exhibit * Enter date from and up to statement is requested * Print the statement * make the record in register * Signature is verified and handover to the customer. 4. 2. 6 Balance Enquiry Is provided upon the request of the customer and is provided only to the account holder. 4. 2. ATM Card Distribution Debit card distribution process * When the card is received from the head office they are checked and recorded. * After which the account holder are informed about their card arrival via telephone. * Upon the arrival of the customer they are asked for their names and ac no if not then checked in the information from pumori and record the ATM in delivery register. * and then customer asked to sign on register. * Signature is verified. * At the day end, after 4 oclock all card holders account no. , ATM no. , are arranged in a table form in comput er and mailed to card centre for aking card active. 4. 2. 8 Other activities done * Explain services * Answer general questions * Refers to person who can help them with their problems * filling the documents * printing * fax sending * assisting other departments personnal with their work Signature see Scanning of the signature is to be done and approved by Department head on the same day of account opening. When a customer comes to get new cheque book or ATM card or get statement the signature of the customer should be verified to the scanned signature in the account opening form.Balance of security measure Issuance (BOC) BOC is written in the name of account holder by the Bank. It is issued as per request of the customer. On the issuance of BOC IDBL charges Rs 200. BOC is unremarkably issued inequivalent of US dollar, euro dollar or pound. Customers applying for indorse for going abroad usually require BOC. Cheque Destroying Cheque destroying is not a frequent activity of CSD but it is a very crucial activity and it is considered highly sensitive. It is performed even there is certain mistakes in cheque printing.The cheque in series(p) number must be same in the system (Pumori) and in the physical cheque. So, when the serial numbers do not match. The cheques are done for(p) in the system and void is written in the physical cheque. The destroyed cheques are kept in the jump as the cheque is equivalent to cash and likely to be misused if not destroyed and stored safely. Providing general information about the services provided People come to bank for the different purposes and may not be clear about what they should do neighboring or whom they should contact to get their job done.In such case, CSD is responsible for providing true and immaculate information. People may inquire different things over telephone as well. CSD provides the correct information inquired by the customers. CHAPTER FIVE closure AND LESSON LEARNT 5. 1. Conclusion The intern cho oses Prime Commercial Bank Ltd. for my internship. The intern felt it will provide with the practical exposure in the field. During interns internship period the staffs of PCBL were very cooperative and guided me all the way till the end of my internship period i. e. two months.All the knowledge gained in this whole period will surely be handy for my career in the field of banking sector. The theoretical knowledge that gained in interns college is backed up with this internship program due to its practical nature. Furthermore, to learn new lesson which were not covered in classes. It was exciting to see the real professional environment of the office. There were many departments each specializing in its own field. Intern was very comfortable they provided intern with their superior staff as interns instructor Mr.Geha Ranjan Joshi (BM) and respected staff took intern to many departments to help intern gain good knowledge about the real time scenario of an agency. PCBL has its polic y, transaction to attract its customers with many special provisions of the deposit system, the loans advances and it has opened most of its branches in the business area. Staffs of PCBL are prompt and they are well qualified and trained and also the bank has provided the internship program as well with opportunity for employment. PCBL has possibility of earning more profit and state of grace in the future as its financial statement growth rate is positive.Customer Service Department is the main interactive part of the bank, front desk service where first customer interacts and tries to deal with their particular tasks. The first hand service is provided from this section. Almost all the nonaged detail of the bank related issue can be handling through this section. Therefore, front desk is encouraging customers to come PCBL for the services like remittance and other. According to the mint done during my internship period shows that customers are satisfied with the behavior sho wn towards them.And major reason for using PCBL by customers also found to be customer relationship. 5. 2. Lessons Learnt 1) The most important thing that I have learned during whitethorn internship period is the value of time. Time is constantly a determining thing. Timing of work is the key for the success. During my internship period I have seen employee just say I will do it later and they forget to do that work. After some time senor give ring and said that why dont you guys do that? What are you doing? After that they seem to be mentally weak. That reflects they seem to be mentally weak.That reflect on their work and finally on their performance appraisal. 2) Clear division of work is key for success of any organization. During my internship I have found LXBL Maharjung branch lack that. The employee of CSD are quite confused with their responsibility. The senior of them from cash department assign lots of work to the employees of CSD which are under their responsibility of ca sh department . they are junior and they have to follow orders They star to do that work and lots their work are on pending. These after some problem on point 1 starts. ) Leader and the leadership quality of a leader is another(prenominal) important thing for the smooth function of organization. It also reflects on the effectiveness and efficiency of the work. 4) Flexibility is also key service for the customer satisfaction. Lots of time costumer cant get service because they dont have exact document the organization demands. If a customer has a documentation document that there is right and if they have the required document, but they forget to bring. Then the organization should be able to provide the service to the costumers. ) CSD and the teller is the main place, where the costumers visit the most. How the employee on CSD and teller because to costumer, the reception of the costumers about the bank is made that way. 6) The interpersonal relation required, the employee is also one of the important factors for the success of organization. 7) The mental attitude of employee is also an important factor. Every employee should also understand that we are all human beings. We all have feelings. We all have emotion. We have see of our world so the leader doesnt have to guess that he is the senior and whatever I said they have to follow it.And junior doesnt have to think I am tae junior and they dont listen to me. 8) Eagerness toward the work and toward the progress leads towards the development of employee as well as the high level performance an organization. 9) Human resource management is the main key of success for an organization. We can do whatever change to the infrastructure and the technology and other thing. Unless and until your employees are not motivated as manager you cant do anything. 10) Last but not the least, the organization structure, culture and most importantly the employees are the key success of an organization.